Са2+-проницаемые катионные каналы плазматической мембраны клеток высших растений
Аннотация
Кальций (Ca2+ ) является важным структурным элементом, регулятором метаболических процессов, а также универсальным для живых систем сигнальным агентом-посредником, обеспечивающим взаимосвязь между мембранными рецепторами и генетической экспрессией. Важнейшим феноменом, определяющим сигнально-регуляторную функцию Ca2+, выступает его транспорт через плазматическую мембрану и эндомембраны клетки. Ключевую роль в процессах транспорта Са2+ играют катионные каналы, локализованные во всех мембранах растительной клетки. Биоинформационный анализ катионпроницаемых ионных каналов растений не обнаружил в них наличия Ca2+-селективных фильтров, схожих с аналогичными системами у животных. Тем не менее мембраны растений обнаруживают Ca2+-проводимости, т. е. обладают проницаемостью к Са2+. Биофизические характеристики Ca2+-проводимостей растений детально изучены и в последнее время дополнены молекулярно-генетическим анализом. Продемонстрировано, что Ca2+-проводимость растений опосредуется несколькими типами неселективных катионных каналов, кодируемых соответствующими семействами генов, в частности каналами, активируемыми циклическими нуклеотидами, ионотропными глутаматными рецепторами, двупоровым каналом 1, аннексинами и несколькими семействами механочувствительных ионных каналов. Накоплен широкий пласт результатов, указывающих на то, что восприятие внешних факторов среды (температура, гравитация, механическое и химическое воздействие), гормональная сигнализация и везикулярный транспорт связаны с активностью отдельных субъединиц данных ионных каналов.
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