Искусственные клетки как биотехнологические устройства, имитирующие параметры природных клеток

  • Тамара Александровна Гапеева Институт биофизики и клеточной инженерии НАН Беларуси, ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, г. Минск, Беларусь

Аннотация

Термин «искусственная клетка» широко используется в научных кругах, однако его трактовка неоднозначна. Первоначальное понятие об искусственной клетке связано с идеей замены функций природных клеток по аналогии с трансплантацией органов, а не воссоздания живой клетки. В настоящее время исходное понятие не охватывает все многообразие объектов синтетической биологии, определяемых как искусственные (синтетические) клетки. Создание искусственных клеток преследует три основные цели, связанные с исследованием вопроса о происхождении жизни, изучением биологии клетки и решением практических задач во многих областях научной и практической деятельности, прежде всего в медицине. В рамках используемого в науке редукционистского подхода искусственные клетки можно разделить на две основные группы по способу их получения: клетки bottom-up (созданы по принципу «от простого к сложному») и клетки top-down (созданы по принципу «от сложного к простому»). В данной обзорной статье рассматриваются конструирование и применение таких клеток bottom-up, которые можно определить как биотехнологические устройства для имитации параметров природных клеток, используемые прежде всего в многочисленных практических приложениях.

Биография автора

Тамара Александровна Гапеева, Институт биофизики и клеточной инженерии НАН Беларуси, ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, г. Минск, Беларусь

кандидат биологических наук, доцент; старший научный сотрудник лаборатории биофизики и биохимии растительной клетки

 

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Опубликован
2024-02-20
Ключевые слова: искусственная клетка, биотехнология, синтетическая биология, клеточные мембраны, имитация природных клеток
Как цитировать
Гапеева, Т. А. (2024). Искусственные клетки как биотехнологические устройства, имитирующие параметры природных клеток. Экспериментальная биология и биотехнология, 1, 4-18. Доступно по https://journals.bsu.by/index.php/biology/article/view/6032
Выпуск
№ 1 (2024): Экспериментальная биология и биотехнология
Раздел
Обзорные статьи

Copyright (c) 2024 Экспериментальная биология и биотехнология

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