Моделирование роста инвазивного вида речных раков Procambarus virginalis (Decapoda, Astacidea) в различных температурных условиях
Аннотация
У мраморного рака Procаmbarus virginalis определена зависимость длительности межлиночных интервалов от массы тела и величины приростов массы тела за отдельные межлиночные интервалы в диапазонах температуры 15.3–17.9 °С, 7.5–18.9 °С, 19.1–20.8 °С, 21.0–22.8 °С, 22.9–25.2 °С и 25.3–28.9 °С. По этим данным рассчитаны кривые роста особей в указанных диапазонах температур и суммы эффективных температур (Sef) у особей за периоды ювенильного роста и размножения. Среднее значение Sef за ювенильный период P. virginalis (до достижения новорожденными особями массы тела 1.4 мг) в исследованных температурных интервалах составляет 4316 градусо-дней при температуре биологического нуля, равном 7.6 оС. Для периода размножения (до достижения массы тела от 1.4 г до предельной массы 15 г) – соответственно 10630 градусо-дней и 3.0 оС. По годовой динамике среднемесячных температур в шести континентальных водоемах в пределах инвазивного ареала P. virginalis (Швеция, Беларусь, Германия, Словакия, Северная Македония и Малави) рассчитаны значения Sef для периодов года, в течение которых возможен рост ювенильных и размножение половозрелых особей. В водоемах умеренных широт, расположенных в Швеции, Беларуси, Германии и Словакии значения Sef в период роста ювенильных особей изменяются в пределах 1083 – 2099 градусо-дней. В более южном водоеме Северной Македонии этот показатель достигает 2990 градусо-дней, а в тропическом африканском водоеме в Малави – 7076 градусо-дней. Следовательно, новорожденные особи P. virginalis, которые в водоемах умеренной зоны Европы отрождаются в первой половине лета, способы достичь половой зрелости лишь в третье лето жизни, а в тропическом водоеме – уже в первое лето жизни. Значения Sef для периодов года, благоприятных для роста половозрелых особей, в исследованных водоемах Европы возрастают от 2031 градусо-дней (водоем в Швеции) до 4657 градусо-дней (водоем в Северной Македонии). В тропическом водоеме Малави этот показатель достигает 8058 градусо-дней, т.е. максимальная продолжительность жизни P. virginalis в нем не превышает двух лет. Тем не менее, во всем ареале половозрелые особи P. virginalis способны произвести не более 2 – 5 кладок яиц за жизненный цикл.
Литература
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