Динамика популяций широкопалого Astacus astacus, длиннопалого Pontastacus leptodactylus и полосатого Faxonius limosus раков в водоемах Беларуси
Ключевые слова:
десятиногие раки, пресноводные экосистемы, скорость роста численности популяцийАннотация
Оценена скорость роста популяций раков – широкопалого Astacus astacus, длиннопалого Pontastacus leptodactylus и полосатого Faxonius limosus. Годовая скорость увеличения численности максимальна у полосатого рака (3,02 год-1), минимальная – у широкопалого (1,44 год-1). Выживаемость раков от личинок до достижения половой зрелости максимальна у длиннопалого рака (1,5 %), минимальная – у полосатого (0,4 %). Плодовитость перед выклевом личинок у полосатого рака в сравнении с аборигенными видами выше в 2,2 раза, но выживаемость молоди до достижения половой зрелости ниже в 3,6 раза. Преимущество, которые полосатый рак мог бы иметь из-за высокой плодовитости, на этапе роста и развития особей полностью исчезает. Численность половозрелых самок и их плотность обеспечивают ежегодное пополнение в гораздо больших масштабах. Основным критерием конкурентных преимуществ сравниваемых видов является скорость увеличения численности популяций. Этот показатель максимален у Faxonius limosus.
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