Многосторонняя налоговая конвенция от 7 июня 2017 г. и новые механизмы предотвращения уклонения и ухода от уплаты налогов в аспекте их перспективного применения в Республике Беларусь

  • Снежана Константиновна Лещенко Белорусский государственный университет, пр. Независимости, 4, 220030, г. Минск, Беларусь

Аннотация

Рассматриваются ключевые положения Многосторонней конвенции по имплементации мер противодействия BEPS в налоговых соглашениях от 7 июня 2017 г., посредством которой изменяются налоговые соглашения (конвенции) в отношении доходов и капитала в целях введения правовых механизмов противодействия уклонению и уходу от уплаты налогов. Изучена история ее разработки. Проанализированы последствия возможного присоединения Республики Беларусь к данной конвенции и реализации иных рекомендаций Организации экономического сотрудничества и развития, направленных на противодействие размыванию налоговой базы. Охарактеризован минимальный стандарт документа, в том числе цель договора и общее правило против уклонения от уплаты налогов, рассмотрены некоторые из ее факультативных положений. Приводится порядок уведомления депозитария об изменяемых двусторонних соглашениях, обсуждаются иные процедурные вопросы.

Биография автора

Снежана Константиновна Лещенко, Белорусский государственный университет, пр. Независимости, 4, 220030, г. Минск, Беларусь

кандидат юридических наук, доцент; доцент кафедры финансового права и правового регулирования хозяйственной деятельности юридического факультета

Литература

  1. Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent BEPS. OECD. URL: www.oecd.org/tax/treaties/multilateral-convention-to-implement-tax-treaty-related-measures-to-prevent-BEPS.htm (date of access: 02.10.2017).
  2. Explanatory Statement to the Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting. OECD. URL: http://www.oecd.org/tax/treaties/explanatory-statement-multilateral-convention-to-implement-tax-treaty-related-measures-to-prevent-BEPS.pdf (date of access: 02.10.2017).
  3. Action Plan on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting. OECD. URL: https://www.oecd.org/ctp/BEPSActionPlan.pdf (date of access: 02.10.2017).
  4. Harmful Tax Competition an Emerging Global Issue. OECD iLibrary. URL: http:// www.oecd-ilibrary.org/taxation/harmful-tax competition_9789264162945-en (date of access: 02.10.2017).
  5. G20 Leadersʼ Declaration. G20 Inf. Centre. URL: http://www.g20.utoronto.ca/2013/2013-0906-declaration.html (date of access: 02.10.2017).
  6. BEPS 2015 Final Reports. OECD. URL: www.oecd.org/tax/beps-2015-final-reports.htm (date of access: 02.10.2017).
  7. About the Inclusive Framework on BEPS. OECD. URL: www.oecd.org/tax/beps/beps-about.htm (date of access: 02.10.2017).
  8. Members of the Inclusive Framework on BEPS. OECD. URL: www.oecd.org/tax/beps/inclusive-framework-on-beps-composition.pdf (date of access: 02.10.2017).
  9. Polezharova L. V. [International taxation: modern theory and methodology]. Mosсow, 2016 (in Russ.).
  10. OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2017. OECD. URL: www.oecd.org/tax/transfer-pricing/oecd-transfer-pricing-guidelines-for-multinational-enterprises-and-tax-administrations-20769717.htm (date of access: 02.10.2017).
  11. Developing a Multilateral Instrument to Modify Bilateral Tax Treaties, Action 15 – 2015 Final Report. OECD iLibrary. URL: www.oecd-ilibrary.org/taxation/developing-a-multilateral-instrument-to-modify-bilateral-tax-treaties-action-15-2015-final-report_9789264241688-en (date of access: 02.10.2017).
  12. Action 15: A Mandate for the Development of a Multilateral Instrument on Tax Treaty Measures to Tackle BEPS. OECD. URL: www.oecd.org/tax/beps/beps-action-15-mandate-for-development-of-multilateral-instrument.pdf (date of access: 02.10.2017).
  13. Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting : inf. brochure. OECD. URL: www.oecd.org/tax/treaties/multilateral-instrument-BEPS-tax-treaty-information-brochure.pdf (date of access: 02.10.2017).
  14. Republic of Austria: Status of List of Reservations and Notifications at the Time of Signature. OECD. URL: www.oecd.org/tax/treaties/beps-mli-position-austria.pdf (date of access: 02.10.2017).
  15. Signatories and Parties to the Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting. OECD. URL: http://www.oecd.org/tax/treaties/beps-mli-signatories-and-parties.pdf (date of access: 02.10.2017).
  16. MLI Matching Database (beta). OECD. URL: www.oecd.org/tax/treaties/mli-matching-database.htm (date of access: 02.10.2017).
  17. Applying the Multilateral Instrument Step-by-Step. OECD. URL: www.oecd.org/tax/treaties/step-by-step-tool-on-the-application-of-the-MLI.pdf (date of access: 02.10.2017).
  18. Toolkit for Application of the Multilateral Instrument for BEPS Tax Treaty Related Measures. OECD. URL: www.oecd.org/tax/treaties/application-toolkit-multilateral-instrument-for-beps-tax-treaty-measures.htm (date of access: 02.10.2017).
  19. Neutralizing the Effects of Hybrid Mismatch Arrangements, Action 2 – 2015 Final Report. OECD. URL: www.oecd.org/tax/neutralising-the-effects-of-hybrid-mismatch-arrangements-action-2-2015-final-report-9789264241138-en.htm (date of access: 02.10.2017).
  20. Preventing the Granting of Treaty Benefits in Inappropriate Circumstances, Action 6 – 2015 Final Report. OECD. URL: www.oecd.org/tax/preventing-the-granting-of-treaty-benefits-in-inappropriate-circumstances-action-6-2015-final-report-9789264241695-en.htm (date of access: 02.10.2017).
  21. Preventing the Artificial Avoidance of Permanent Establishment Status, Action 7 – 2015 Final Report. OECD. URL: www.oecd.org/tax/preventing-the-artificial-avoidance-of-permanent-establishment-status-action-7-2015-final-report-9789264241220-en.htm (date of access: 02.10.2017).
  22. Making Dispute Resolution Mechanisms More Effective, Action 14 – 2015 Final Report. OECD. URL: www.oecd.org/tax/making-dispute-resolution-mechanisms-more-effective-action-14-2015-final-report-9789264241633-en.htm (date of access: 02.10.2017).
  23. Developing a Multilateral Instrument to Modify Bilateral Tax Treaties, Action 15 – 2015 Final Report. OECD. URL: www.oecd.org/tax/developing-a-multilateral-instrument-to-modify-bilateral-tax-treaties-action-15-2015-final-report-9789264241688-en.htm (date of access: 02.10.2017).
  24. Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting: Functioning under Public International Law. OECD. URL: www.oecd.org/tax/treaties/legal-note-on-the-functioning-of-the-MLI-under-public-international-law.pdf (date of access: 02.10.2017).
  25. Agreement on extradition between the European Union and the United States of America. EUR-Lex. URL: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:22003A0719(01) (date of access: 02.10.2017).
  26. Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Belarus and the Government of the Peopleʼs Republic of Bangladesh on avoidance of double taxation and prevention of tax evasion with respect to taxes on income, 9 July, 2013. Etalon. Legislation of the Republic of Belarus. Natl. center of the legal inf. of the Repub. of Belarus. Minsk, 2017 (in Russ.).
  27. Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Belarus and the Government of the Republic of Ecuador on avoidance of double taxation and prevention of tax evasion with respect to taxes on income and property (capital), 27 January, 2016. Etalon. Legislation of the Republic of Belarus. Natl. center of the legal inf. of the Repub. of Belarus. Minsk, 2017 (in Russ.).
  28. Agreement between the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China and the Government of The Republic of Belarus for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income and on capital, 16 January, 2017. Etalon. Legislation of the Republic of Belarus. Natl. center of the legal inf. of the Repub. of Belarus. Minsk, 2017 (in Russ.).
  29. Fokin A. V. [International taxation of passive income (interest, dividends, royalties): American experience]. Moscow, 2009 (in Russ.).
  30. Dyminskaya E. Y., Kibenko E. R., Kirvelʼ I. Y., et al. [International commercial transactions]. Minsk, 2016 (in Russ.).
  31. Avi-Yonah R. S. Advanced Introduction to International Tax Law. Massachusetts, 2015.
  32. Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Belarus and the Government of the Republic of Armenia on avoidance of double taxation and prevention of evasion from payment of taxes on income and property, 19 July, 2000. Etalon. Legislation of the Republic of Belarus. Natl. center of the legal inf. of the Repub. of Belarus. Minsk, 2017 (in Russ.).
  33. Agreement between the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Belarus for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income and on capital. Inland Revenue Department. URL: www.ird.gov.hk/eng/pdf/Agreement_Belarus_HongKong.pdf (date of access: 02.10.2017).
  34. Mikhailova O. R. [Criteria for distinguishing between legitimate (tax optimization) and illegal activities to reduce (minimize) taxes]. Vash nalogovyi advokat. 2004. No. 2. P. 60–63 (in Russ.).
  35. Cashmere M. Australia Country Report. A comparative look at regulation of corporate tax avoidance. New York, 2012. Р. 25–64.
  36. Gidirim V. A. [Fundamentals of International Corporate Taxation]. Moscow, 2017 (in Russ.).
  37. Vakhitov R. Chto MLI gryadushchii nam gotovit? Legal Insight. 2017. No. 6. P. 46–48 (in Russ.).
  38. Baker P., Pistone P. BEPS Action 16: The Taxpayers’ Right to an Effective Legal Remedy under European Law in Cross Border Situations. EC Tax Review. 2016. Vol. 25, issue 5–6. Р. 335–345.
  39. Bravo N. The Multilateral Tax Instrument and its Relationship with Tax Treaties. World Tax J. 2016. Vol. 8, No. 3. P. 279–304.
  40. Сouncil Directive (EU) 2016/1164 of 12 July 2016 laying down rules against tax avoidance practices that directly affect the functioning of the internal market. Offic. J. Eur. Union. L 193/1. 19 July, 2016. P. 1–14.
  41. Klyushkina V. Directive against tax evasion: taxation of foreign controlled companies. iFINANCES. URL: http:// ifinanses.lv/ru/statji/rukovodstvo/upravlenie-finansami/direktiva-protiv-ukloneniya-ot-uplati-nalogov-nalogooblozhenie-inostrannic-kontroliruemic-kompanij/11969 (date of access: 02.10.2017) (in Russ.).
Опубликован
2019-10-22
Ключевые слова: налог, соглашения об избежании двойного налогообложения, принцип однократного налогообложения, международное налогообложение, общее правило против ухода от налогов, размывание налоговой базы и увеличение прибыли, Многосторонняя конвенция по имплементации мер противодействия BEPS в налоговых соглашениях, уклонение от уплаты налогов, «трити шопинг», ограничение применения налоговых льгот по соглашению, минимальный стандарт Многосторонней конвенции по имплементации мер противодействия BEPS, Организация экономического сотрудничества и развития
Как цитировать
Лещенко, С. К. (2019). Многосторонняя налоговая конвенция от 7 июня 2017 г. и новые механизмы предотвращения уклонения и ухода от уплаты налогов в аспекте их перспективного применения в Республике Беларусь. Журнал Белорусского государственного университета. Право, 3, 60-74. Доступно по https://journals.bsu.by/index.php/law/article/view/1492
Раздел
Финансовое право и налоговое право