Система вступительных экзаменов в высшие учебные заведения Китая: проблемы, поиски, решения

  • Синсинь Ван Университет Хучжоу, Вторая кольцевая восточная улица, 759, 313000, г. Хучжоу, провинция Чжэцзян, Китай
  • Лидия Владимировна Пироженко Университет Хучжоу, Вторая кольцевая восточная улица, 759, 313000, г. Хучжоу, провинция Чжэцзян, Китай

Аннотация

Анализируются особенности системы вступительных экзаменов в высшие учебные заведения Китая. Рассматриваются преимущества и недостатки системы гаокао с точки зрения равного справедливого доступа к образованию. Выявляются основные направления реформирования системы вступительных экзаменов в Китае и cвязанные с ними изменения в содержании школьного образования.

Биографии авторов

Синсинь Ван, Университет Хучжоу, Вторая кольцевая восточная улица, 759, 313000, г. Хучжоу, провинция Чжэцзян, Китай

кандидат филологических наук; преподаватель кафедры русского языка Института иностранных языков

Лидия Владимировна Пироженко, Университет Хучжоу, Вторая кольцевая восточная улица, 759, 313000, г. Хучжоу, провинция Чжэцзян, Китай

доктор педагогических наук, профессор; международный эксперт Мультикультурного исследовательского центра

Литература

  1. China’s PISA ranking, from first to tenth in the world, what have we missed? [Internet; cited 2019 October 12]. Available from: http://www.sohu.com/a/245686070_100181643. Chinese.
  2. Li Shaowei. Resuming the college entrance examination for 40 years: admiration and evolution. Nanfengchuang [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2021 February 22];12:6. Available from: https://xueshu.baidu.com/usercenter/paper/show?perid=142g02g0th0q0620kb3v0rv08n160556&site=xueshu_se. Chinese.
  3. Zhou Fei. Silent distinction: division of artsand sciences and equal acessto higher edition. Research in Higher Education [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2021 February 12];3. Available from: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFD&dbname=CJFDLAST2019&filename=HIGH201903006&v=dg1dbCssK48WR%25mmd2BJmovnMtqQftO%25mmd2BwQ9bEN9XRXqOcDpWDxWNeR68z5tsHE7qvY4Wq. Chinese.
  4. Zhu Yongxin. It is recommended to cancel the high school and college entrance examination liberal arts subjects [Internet; cited 2021 February 12]. Available from: https://wenku.baidu.com/view/36c59f6daa114431b90d6c85ec3a87c241288a11.html. Chinese.
  5. Lin Huiqing. Advancing Gaokao content reform in an all-round way to bolster the establishment of a high quality education system. Journal of China Examinations [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 February 2];1:1–7. Available from: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFD&dbname=CJFDLAST2021&filename=KSYJ202101001&v=7YRwhX8enY9qhgs2hJvrLo8zIo5c5PuuvnxTwcSUQ%25mmd2FddI1BaoxZspNwlkiqHQkix. Chinese.
  6. Deepen the research on educational evaluation reform in the new era [Internet; cited 2021 February 22]. Available from: http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2014-09/04/content_2745653.htm. Chinese.
  7. Kang Cuiping. It is not appropriate to implement liberal arts and sciences in high school. Research and Review on Education [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2021 February 2];9:79. Available from: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFD&dbname=CJFDLASN2019&filename=JYYP200909026&v=xniBpt8fYqhrxB9T9KZGasmLeIa88xFoI4ZohYq22NTVHBA%25mmd2FDTWHOb9VC1VEWb0%25mmd2B. Chinese.
  8. Hao Wenwu. Debate on the rationality of the teaching of liberal arts and sciences. Curriculum, Teaching Material and Method [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2021 February 12];8:15–19. Available from: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFD&dbname=CJFD2010&filename=KJJF201008006&v=xCvp6WzBaovoT0UuMODaxErkTirgV4TbTFZGTM43DRuYSkdlLP6%25mmd2BoUjRODjuBPVm. Chinese.
  9. Zhu Yongxin. Liberal arts and science: the cancer of Chinese education. Education Science Research [Internet]. 2004 [cited 2021 February 12];11:60. Available from: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFD&dbname=CJFD2004&filename=JYKY200411019&v=CoZLNRLM9EbCNiBt607d%25mmd2FnnxCe%25mmd2Bt3eTMX3KPSR4DITSWsLKjfnGHEssBj12Kvkd9. Chinese.
  10. Yu Kaiwen. Changes in admission opportunities of candidates after the abolition of liberal arts and sciences. Journal of Liaoning Normal University (Social Science Edition) [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2021 February 12];40(5):22–26. Available from: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFD&dbname=CJFDLAST2017&filename=LNSS201705004&v=FDaEq8Ilmvk6J86aoI0esGyrafj2kW7MbKsB0v4wr5a%25mmd2BDBA4CdpBBKdR99ekLPBd. Chinese.
  11. Yang Xiaolin, Li Feng, Gan Li. The influence of liberal arts and science division on the fairness of college entrance examination – an empirical analysis based on online candidate data. Research in Educational Development [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2021 February 12];33(10):51–56. Available from: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFD&dbname=CJFD2011&filename=SHGJ201110013&v=HAibmgP6moJv0UpudiI%25mmd2FTFgB%25mmd2Fvt0KX07j1T31%25mmd2BWB3ngO%25mmd2BHQuVxi%25mmd2BOHr6VCYq1lTD. Chinese.
  12. Cui Zhenyuan. Persist in dialectical thinking and grasp the correct orientation [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 February 22]. Available from: http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xwfb/xw_zt/moe_357/jyzt_2020n/2020_zt21/zhuanjiawenzhang/202012/t20201204_503508.html. Chinese.
  13. Zhao Zhiyi, Chen Jiankun, Liu Lijuan. What’s wrong with the science sub-discipline of high-level Chinese? Curriculum, Teaching Material and Method [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2021 February 12];29(12):15–19. Available from: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFD&dbname=CJFD2009&filename=KJJF200912006&v=jK9jCiAxEpw3sv2ZbaLcmslE89pSki20cNMEMskYe%25mmd2BcY1QYP8iGDi7S2T%25mmd2FHO9HU8. Chinese.
  14. Chen Jun. Bring up newcomers of the era, clarify key directions [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 February 22]. Available from: http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xwfb/xw_zt/moe_357/jyzt_2020n/2020_zt21/zhuanjiawenzhang/202012/t20201204_503510.html. Chinese.
  15. Pirozhenko LV, Wang Xingxin. The development of the nine-year compulsory education in the People’s Republic of China at the present stage. Vesnik adukatsyi. 2020;6:18–27. Russian.
  16. Chong-En Bai, Wei Chi, Xiaoye Qian. Do college entrance examination scores predict under graduate GPAs? A tale of two universities. China Economic Review [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2021 February 12];30:632–647. Available from: https://xueshu.baidu.com/usercenter/paper/show?paperid=1c6p06q0xy4g0j704y3g06s0a9272729&site=xueshuse. DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2013.08.005.
  17. Cui Shen, Wu Qiuxiang, Pan Kunfeng. Research on the impact of students’ high-level Chinese and science subjects on university performance and employment development – based on the empirical analysis of the China Education Tracking Survey (CEPS). China Economics of Education Review [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2021 February 12];2(4):103–122. Available from: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFD&dbname=CJFDLAST2017&filename=JYJP201704011&v=WcG8z0PxPWyI54TzHGnPVrjBNyA1C0xAj7iJ7OZyJAyxs4r%25mmd2FTGB1PaFtnIDpfzVn. Chinese.
  18. Kuznetsova VV, Mashkina OA. Reforming the system of entrance examinations to universities in the PRC: traditions and innovations. Gosudarstvennoe upravlenie. Elektronnyi vestnik [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2021 February 12];71:307–328. Available from: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/reformirovanie-sistemy-vstupitelnyh-ekzamenov-v-vuzy-knr-traditsii-i-innovatsii. Russian.
  19. General agenda for deepening education assessment reform in the new era [Internet; cited 2021 February 12]. Available from: http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrb/html/2020-10/14/nw.D110000renmrb_20201014_3-01.htm. Russian.
Опубликован
2021-10-29
Ключевые слова: вступительные экзамены, система гаокао, реформирование системы образования, средняя школа высшей ступени, справедливый доступ к образованию