The problem of war and peace in the context of the confrontation between unipolarity and multipolarity

Authors

  • Ivan I. Antonovich Independent researcher, Moscow, Russia

Keywords:

American hegemony, national sovereignty, human rights

Abstract

The article is devoted to the critical analysis of the intentions of the American hegemonism globally and internationally. Case is taken of the processes of the containment of the social and economic development of China by the USA and the Pan Atlantic community of the strategy of inflicting long-term harm on Russia in particular its efforts to create a multi-polar world.

Author Biography

  • Ivan I. Antonovich, Independent researcher, Moscow, Russia

    doctor of science (philosophy), academician of the Russian Academy of Social Sciences, full professor; independent researcher

References

  1. Carroll J. House of war: the Pentagon and the disastrous rise of American power. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company; 2006. XIV, 673 p.
  2. Kasich J. Reclaiming global leadership: the right way to put America first. Foreign Affairs. 2018;97(4):102–112.
  3. Beckley M. Delusions of détente: why America and China will be enduring rivals. Foreign Affairs. 2023;102(5):8–25.
  4. Schuman M. The end of optimism in China: young people should learn to «eat bitterness», says Xi Jinping. The Atlantic [Internet]. 2023 June 29 [cited 2025 January 26]: [about 5 p.]. Available from: https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2023/06/-china-pessimism-economy-censorship/674556/.
  5. Johnson I. Xi’s age of stagnation: the great walling-off of China. Foreign Affairs. 2023;102(5):102–117.
  6. Giles K, Hanson P, Lyne R, Nixey J, Sherr J, Wood A. The Russian challenge. London: Chatham House; 2015. XII, 58 p.
  7. Haass R. The dangerous decade: a foreign policy for a world in crisis. Foreign Affairs. 2022;101(5):25–38.
  8. Yudin G. Russia has reached a dead end. The Atlantic [Internet]. 2023 June 29 [updated 2023 June 30; cited 2025 January 26]: [about 3 p.]. Available from: https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2023/06/prigozhin-coup-uprisingrussia-putin/674546/.
  9. Bidder B. Russland wird sinken wie die «Titanic» [Russia will sink like the «Titanic»]. Der Spiegel [Internet]. 2022 May 13 [cited 2025 January 26]: [14 p.]. Available from: https://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/soziales/russland-sanktionen-russlandwird-so-langsam-sinken-wie-die-titanic-a-7cf48e0a-3b54-42e7-8df2-5c243330d583. German.
  10. Kagan R. A free world, if you can keep it: Ukraine and American interests. Foreign Affairs. 2023;102(1):39–53.
  11. Steil B. The Marshall plan: dawn of the cold war. New York: Simon and Schuster; 2018. XIV, 608 p.
  12. Haass R. The world: a brief introduction. New York: Penguin Press; 2020. XXII, 378 p.

Downloads

Published

2025-12-12

How to Cite

[1]
Antonovich, I.I. 2025. The problem of war and peace in the context of the confrontation between unipolarity and multipolarity. Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology. 2 (Dec. 2025), 21–28. DOI:https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6821-2025-2-%p.