Properties of nickel – tin coatings deposited from aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes
Abstract
The compositions of aqueous chloride-fluoride and ethylene glycol citrate electrolytes and conditions for electrochemical deposition of Ni – Sn coatings, providing the production of an alloy based on Ni3Sn2 intermetallic with nickel content of 36– 40 wt. %, have been proposed. The effect of sodium and ammonium fluorides additives, as well as non-ionic surfactant OS-20 in an aqueous electrolyte or hydrochloric and citric acids in ethylene glycol electrolyte on the internal stresses and corrosion resistance of coatings has been determined. The lowest internal stresses and the highest corrosion resistance have been found to be characteristic of coatings with a fine-grained dense structure that does not change with increasing of thickness (within 1–10 μm), which include a Ni3Sn2 single crystalline phase with minimal deviations from stoichiometry. To the greatest extent, these characteristics are provided during the deposition of coatings from ethylene glycol citrate electrolyte.
References
- Kuznetsov BV, Vorobyova TN, Glibin VP. A comparative study of tin – nickel alloys obtained by electroplating and casting. Metal Finishing. 2013;111(3):38–41. DOI: 10.1016/S0026-0576(13)70233-2.
- Refaey SAM, Taha F, Hasanin THA. Passivation and pitting corrosion of nanostructured Sn – Ni alloy in NaCl solutions. Electrochimica Acta. 2006;51(14):2942–2948. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2005.09.033.
- Subramanian B, Mohan S, Jayakrishnan S. Selective area deposition of tin – nickel alloy coating – an alternative for decorative chromium plating. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry. 2007;37(2):219–224. DOI: 10.1007/s10800-006-9236-6.
- Wan C, Zhang L, Liu X. Corrosion assessment of Sn – Ni alloy coatings using neutral salt spray tests and electrochemical methods. International Journal of Electrochemical Science. 2020;15(1):26–38. DOI: 10.20964/2020.01.20.
- Anicai L, Petica A, Costovici S, Prioteasa P, Visan T. Electrodeposition of Sn and NiSn alloys coatings using choline chloride based ionic liquids – evaluation of corrosion behavior. Electrochimica Acta. 2013;114:868–877. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.08.043.
- Gamburg YD, Zangari G. Theory and practice of metal electrodeposition. New York: Springer; 2011. 378 p. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-9669-5.
- Georgiou EP, Van der Donck T, Celis J-P. Electrodeposition and structural characteristics of intermetallic nickel – tin based coatings. Transactions of the IMF. 2017;95(6):301–307. DOI: 10.1080/00202967.2017.1352125.
- Spiridonov BA, Berezina NN. Electroplating and structure of tin – nickel coatings. Protection of Metals. 2004;40(1):85–88. DOI: 10.1023/B:PROM.0000013118.11144.97.
- Jiménez H, Gil L, Staia MH, Puchi-Cabrera ES. Effect of deposition parameters on adhesion, hardness and wear resistance of Sn – Ni electrolytic coatings. Surface and Coatings Technology. 2008;202(10):2072–2079. DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.08.071.
- Lačnjevac U, Jović BM, Jović VD. Electrodeposition of Ni, Sn and Ni – Sn alloy coatings from pyro-phosphate-glycine bath. Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 2012;159(5):D310–D318. DOI: 10.1149/2.042205JES.
- Shetty S, Hegde AC. Electrodeposition of Sn – Ni alloy coatings for water-splitting application from alkaline medium. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B. 2017;48(1):632–641. DOI: 10.1007/s11663-016-0784-9.
- Zhu Y, Zhang X, Song J, Wang W, Yue F, Ma Q. Microstructure and hydrogen evolution catalytic properties of Ni – Sn alloys prepared by electrodeposition method. Applied Catalysis A: General. 2015;500:51–57. DOI: 10.1016/j.apcata.2015.05.005.
- Rosoiu SP, Pantazi AG, Petica A, Cojocaru A, Costovici S, Zanella C, et al. Comparative study of Ni – Sn alloys electrodeposited from choline chloride based ionic liquids in direct and pulsed current. Coatings. 2019;9(12):801. DOI: 10.3390/coatings9120801.
- Vorobyova TN, Kudaka AA. The dependence of composition, microstructure and properties of electroplated Ni – Sn coatings on conditions of deposition from fluoride-chloride electrolyte. Journal of the Belarusian State University. Chemistry. 2017;2:28–35. Russian.
- Vorobyova TN, Kudaka AA. Electrodeposition of Ni – Sn alloy from ethylene glycol electrolyte. Part 1. Cathodic reactions. Transactions of the IMF. 2022;100(1):36–42. DOI: 10.1080/00202967.2021.2005861.
- Vorobyova TN. Adhesion interaction between electrolessly deposited copper film and polyimide. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology. 1997;11(2):167–182. DOI: 10.1163/156856197X00282.
- Pauleau Y. Materials surface processing by direct energy techniques. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science; 2006. 744 p. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-08-044496-3.X5000-X.
- Hass G, Thun RE, editors. Physics of thin films. Advances in research and development. Volume 3. New York: Academic Press; 1966. 342 p. Russian edition: Hass G, Thun RE, editors. Fizika tonkikh plenok. Sovremennoe sostoyanie issledovanii i tekhnicheskie primeneniya. Tom 3. Moscow: Mir; 1968. 331 p.
- Cuthbertson JW, Parkinson N, Rooksby HP. Electrodeposition of tin – nickel alloy plate from chloride-fluoride electrolytes. Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 1953;100(3):107–119. DOI: 10.1149/1.2781091.
Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of the Belarusian State University. Chemistry
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The authors who are published in this journal agree to the following:
- The authors retain copyright on the work and provide the journal with the right of first publication of the work on condition of license Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial. 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0).
- The authors retain the right to enter into certain contractual agreements relating to the non-exclusive distribution of the published version of the work (e.g. post it on the institutional repository, publication in the book), with the reference to its original publication in this journal.
- The authors have the right to post their work on the Internet (e.g. on the institutional store or personal website) prior to and during the review process, conducted by the journal, as this may lead to a productive discussion and a large number of references to this work. (See The Effect of Open Access.)