Роль генетической компоненты в различных типах зависимости: анализ результатов полногеномного поиска ассоциаций
Аннотация
Представлены результаты исследований, проведенных за 10 лет, полногеномного поиска ассоциаций (GWAS, genome-wide association studies), которые направлены на поиск генетических маркеров, ассоциированных с повышенным риском развития различных типов зависимости (алкоголизм, наркомания, табакокурение), патологической игровой зависимости и шизофрении. Для ряда заболеваний в своем этиопатогенезе имеются генетические маркеры с доказанной клинической значимостью: для алкогольной зависимости – гены GABRA2, ADH1B, ADH1C, TAS2R16, HTR2A; для наркотической зависимости – OPRM1, OPRD1; для никотиновой зависимости – SLC6A3, GPR51, GPR51, CYP2A6, CHRNA4; для шизофрении – SCZD12, MTHFR, CHI3L1, DISC2, SYN2, DRD3 и др. Следовательно, открытие новых полиморфных вариантов, ассоциированных с тем или иным заболеванием, позволит обнаружить ранее не выявленные зависимости и закономерности. Результаты GWAS помогут установить возможные общие сигнальные пути в этиопатогенезе рассматриваемых в данном исследовании нозологий.
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