Comprehensive evaluation of the phytoremeditical ability of a number of agricultural crops for the restoration of polluted soils with heavy metals
Abstract
During the work, the method of X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) has been used, which allows analyzing the content of various chemical elements from sulfur to uranium in samples of various nature (soil, plants). This method allows analyzing samples without complicated and lengthy sample preparation. In the course of work, model systems for heavy metals («soil−lead», «soil−cadmium», «soil−cadmium−lead») within the limits of 1−3 maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) for growing colza & flax have been compiled, bioelement gross concentrations have been determined. As a result of the work, one of the possible ways of removing heavy metals (HM) from contaminated soils, monitoring the environmental safety of a soil cover, as well as the opportunity to assess the phytoremediation ability of agricultural crops are proposed. A quantitative assessment of the content of trace and macroelements in the sod-podzolic soil as well as in model compositions based on it is presented. Bench studies on the cultivation of technical colza and flax on the proposed mixtures have been carried out. It has been shown that different concentrations of cadmium and lead have different effects on seed germination and plant growth dynamics. An increase in the concentration of heavy metals in the soil reduces the percentage of seed germination. Seed germination on the clean sod-podzolic soil is the highest – 80 %. The degree of the environmental safety of soils before and after the cultivation of technical colza and flax has been assessed. In some cases, the cultivation of technical colza and flax made it possible to reduce the total soil pollution by 3.1 times. It is shown that during the cultivation of industrial crops, metals are intensively absorbed and largely accumulate in the aboveground organs of plants. After harvesting the phytomass, the level of soil pollution risk is significantly reduced. Thus, the removal of chemical elements from the soil with industrial crops contributes to its self-cleaning. The results of the study will make it possible to expand the range of optimal crops for the phytoremediation of the soils contaminated with lead and cadmium.
References
- Buravtsev VN, Krylova NP. Modern technological schemes of phytoremediation of the contaminated soils. Plant Biology Series. Agricultural biology. 2005;5:67–75.
- Mineev VG, Alekseev AA, Grishina TA. Heavy metals and the environment under the conditions of current chemization. Communication 2 Lead, Agricultural Chemistry. 1982;9:126–140.
- Mineev VG, Valitova AR, Bolsheva TL, Kizhalkin GSh. Phytoremediation effect of various cultures. Fertility. 2006;1:34–36.
- Chernykh NA. Change in the content of a number of chemical elements in plants under the influence of various amounts of heavy metals in the soil. Agrochemistry.1991;3:68–76.
- Chernykh NA. Patterns of behavior of heavy metals in a soil-plant system under different anthropogenic load. Moscow: Publishing House of the D. N. Pryanishnikov All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Fertilizers and Agricultural Soil Science; 1995.
- Chernykh NA, Milashchenko NZ, Ladonin VF. Ecotoxicological aspects of soil pollution with heavy metals. Moscow: Agroconsult Publishing House; 1999.
- Chernykh NA, Ovcharenko MM, Popovicheva LL, Chernykh IN. Techniques for reducing the phytotoxicity of heavy metals. Agrochemistry. 1995;9:101–107.
- Chernykh NA, Chernykh IN. On the quality of crop products at different levels of soil pollution with heavy metals. Agrochemistry. 1995;5:97–101.
- Pokrovskaya SF. Soil pollution by heavy metals and its effect on agricultural production. Moscow: Publishing House of the All-Union Research Institute of Information and Technical and Economic Research of the Agro-Industrial Complex; 1986.
- Brooks RR. Plant that hyperaccumulate heavy metals (their role in phytoremediation, microbiology, archaeology, mineral exploration and phytomining). Wallingford: CAB International; 1998.
- Andreeva IV, Baybekov RF, Ganzhara NF, Zlobin MV. Determination of the phytoremediation potential of wild-growing and cultivated plants. In: Proceedings of the International Academy of Agricultural Education. 2009;8:8–12.
- Andreeva IV, Zlobina MV. (2009). Study of the phytoremediation potential of ornamental and agricultural crops. In: Contribution of young scientists to the development of innovations in agricultural science. Collection of articles of the international scientific conference of young scientists and specialists. Moscow; [publisher unknown]; 2009. p. 125–132.
- Andreeva IV, Zlobina MV, Baybekov RF, Ganzhara NF. Phytoremediation ability of wild and cultivated plants. Bulletin of the Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. 2010;1:8–17.
- Cosio C. Phytoextraction of heavy metal by hyperaccumulating and non hyperaccumulating plants: comparison of cadmium uptake and storage mechanisms in the plants. Champagne: EPFL; 2004.
- Andreeva IV, Baybekov RF, Zlobina MV. Phytoremediation of the soils contaminated with heavy metals. Environmental Engineering. 2009;5:5–11.
- Andreeva IV, Baybekov RF, Zlobin MV. Study of the parameters of the accumulation of heavy metals by cultivated and ornamental plants during complex soil pollution for phytoremediation. In: Collection of articles Reports of the Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. Moscow; [publisher unknown]; 2010. Part 1. p. 661–663.
- Koshkin EI, Andreeva IV, Vagun IV. Production process and phytoremediation potential of colza plants at various levels of the pollution of the sod-podzolic soil with heavy metals. Agrochemistry. 2010;12:52–57.
- Zlobin MV, Andreeva IV, Voloskova DE. Search for phytoremediation plants by setting vegetative experiments. In: Collection of articles Reports of the Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. Moscow; [publisher unknown]; 2010. Part 1. p. 669–671.
- Baybekov RF, Ganzhara NF, Zlobina MV. Phytoremediation ability of cultivated and ornamental plants in the complex pollution of soils with heavy metals. Fertility. 2010;5:42–43.
- Ufimtseva MD, Terekhina NV. Phytoindication of the ecological state of the urban geosystems of St. Petersburg. Saint Petersburg: Publishing House Science; 2005. Russian.
- Fitz WJ, Wenzel WW. Arsenic transformation in the soil- rhizosphere-plant system, fundamentals and potential application of phytoremediation. Journal of Biotechnology. 2002; 99:259–278.
- Shaganov IA. Colza field in Belarus: a practical guide for the development of intensive technology for the cultivation of winter colza on oilseeds. Minsk: Equinox Publishing House; 2008.
- Ivashkevich OA, Kabo GYa, Blokhin AV, Simirsky VV, Lugovik YuN. Prospects for the use of agricultural crops for fuel production in the Republic of Belarus. Bulletin of BSU. Series. Chemistry, Biology. Geography. 2009;1:4–12.
