Comprehensive assessment of the urban ecosystem ecological state of the city of Slutsk
Abstract
The results of a comprehensive assessment of the Slutsk urban ecosystem ecological state have been discussed in the article. The analysis of the recreational disturbance degree and the grade of green planting’s resistance in the urban environment with different levels of anthropogenic load was carried out: in the suburban area (control), the central zone of the Park of Culture and Recreation and in the territory with a high anthropogenic load of the environment, which is located near industrial enterprises of Slutsk city. A low degree of recreational disturbance has been established in the control and in the park zone, while in the zone of industrial enterprises the state of the environment was assessed as threatening. A speciesspecific reaction of morphometric changes in the leaf blades of Betula pendula Roth and Tilia cordata Mill. has been revealed using the fluctuating asymmetry method, which reflects the features of the individual components ecological state of the urban ecosystem. It was noted that the tree stand of the Park of Culture and Leisure is in a satisfactory condition and is functional as a sanitary protection zone in an urban environment. However, at the site located near industrial enterprises, the state of bioindicators is assessed as critical and suggests that in this area there is a rather high level of environmental pollution with harmful substances. In the course of a detailed study of species-specific differences in the morphometric parameters of Betula pendula and Tilia cordata, it has been revealed that the most variable indicator was the angle between the main vein and the second-order vein from the base of the leaf. It is here that there are clear specific differences between Betula pendula and Tilia cordata. Thus according to this indicator Betula pendula had an average level in the control and increased in the conditions of the park and the industrial zone (up to level IV), while Tilia cordata had the lowest level in the control, and with an increase in anthropogenic load it reached critical values and a maximum was in the industrial zone. It is noted that it is expedient to develop a relative integral indicator of fluctuating asymmetry in comparison with the control for a certain plant species. Thus, Tilia cordata can be considered as an effective bioindicator of the urban ecosystems’ state. The obtained results make it possible to recommend the environmental services of the Slutsk city to reconsider approaches to greening the area around industrial enterprises, considering the growing anthropogenic load.
References
- Neverova OA, Kolmogorova YeYU. Drevesnyye rasteniya i urbanizirovannaya sreda: ekologicheskiye i biotekhnologicheskiye aspekty [Woody Plants and the Urban Environment. Ecological and Biotechnological Aspects]. Novosibirsk: Nauka; 2003. 222 s. Russian.
- Sidorenko MV, Yunina VP, Yerofeyeva YeA. Otsenka ekologicheskogo sostoyaniya rekreatsionnykh zon g. Nizhnego Novgoroda po urovnyam zagryazneniya pochv tyazhelymi metallami i bioindikatsionnym pokazatelyam list’yev Betula pendula Roth [Assessment of the ecological state of the recreational areas of Nizhny Novgorod according to the levels of soil pollution with heavy metals and bioindicative parameters of the leaves of Betula pendula Roth.]. Samarskiy nauchnyy vestnik. 2020;9(1):88–92. Russian.
- Dorofeyeva TB. Analiz sostoyaniya gorodskikh nasazhdeniy v Pushkinskom rayone Sankt-Peterburga [Analysis of the state of urban plantings in the Pushkinsky district of St. Petersburg]. Biosphere. 2012;4(2):158–166. Russian.
- Bonina TA, Mavrishchev VV, Arshan MV. Mnogokomponentnaya bioindikatsiya rekreatsionnnykh zon g. Minska s povyshennoy antropogennoy nagruzkoy [Multicomponent bioindication of recreational areas of Minsk with increased anthropogenic load]. Vesti BGPU. Seriya 3. Fizika. Matematika. Informatika. Biologiya. Geografiya. 2019;1:5–9. Russian.
- Kulagin AY. Ustoychivost‘ i adaptatsiya drevesnykh rasteniy: antropogennaya transformatsiya okruzhayushchey sredy i voprosy likvidatsii nakoplennogo ekologicheskogo ushcherba [Stability and adaptation of woody plants: anthropogenic transformation of the environment and the elimination of accumulated environmental damage]. Saratov: Amirit, 2019. р. 144–146. Russian.
- Gudzenko YO. Otsenka ekologicheskogo sostoyaniya zelenykh nasazhdeniy goroda Rostova-na-Donu [Assessment of the ecological state of green spaces in the city of Rostov-on-Don [PhD thesis]. Rostov-na-Donu: [publisher unknown]; 2016. 23 р. Russian.
- Neverova OA. Opyt monitoringa gorodskikh drevesnykh nasazhdeniy (na primere g. Kemerovo) [Experience in monitoring urban tree plantations (on the example of the city of Kemerovo)]. In: Urban ecosystems problems and development prospects: Proceedings of the international scientific-practical conference. Ishim: IGPI; 2008. S. 125–127. Russian.
- Vidyakina AA, Semenova MV. Vliyaniye zagryazneniya vozdukha na sostoyaniye drevesnykh rasteniy g. Tyumeni [Influence of air pollution on the state of woody plants in the city of Tyumen]. Bulletin of ecology, forest science and landscape science. 2012;12:49–53. Russian.
- Gorelova SV, Frontasyeva MV, Gorbunov AV. Influence of air pollution on the state of woody plants in the city of Tyumen. Bulletin of ecology, forest science and landscape science. Paris: [publisher unknown]; 2014. p. 63.
- Gillooly SE, Carr Shmool JL, Michanowicz DR. Framework for using deciduous tree leaves as biomonitors for intraurban particulate air pollution in exposure assessment. Environ Monitoring Assessment. 2016;7:456–479.
- Ufimtseva MD. Patterns of accumulation of chemical elements by higher plants and their reactions in anomalous biogeochemical provinces. Geokhimia [Geochemistry]. 2015;5:450–465. Russian.
- Alekseyev VA. Diagnostika zhiznennogo sostoyaniya derev’yev i drevostoyev. Nekotoryye voprosy diagnostiki i klassifikatsii povrezhdennykh zagryazneniyem lesnykh ekosistem. In: Lesnyye ekosistemy i atmosfernoye zagryazneniye. [Diagnostics of the vital state of trees and forest stands. Some issues of diagnostics and classification of forest ecosystems damaged by pollution. In: Forest Ecosystems and Air Pollution]. Leningrad: Nauka; 1990. p. 38–53. Russian.
- Zakharov VM. Zdorov’ye sredy: metodika otsenki [Health of the environment: assessment methodology]. Moscow: Center for Environmental Policy of Russia; 2000. 66 p. Russian.
- Klevtsova MA, Fan Tkhi Lan An. Bioindikatsiya ekologicheskogo sostoyaniya urbanizirovannykh territoriy [Bioindication of the ecological state of urbanized territories]. Bulletin of VSU. Geography. Geoecology. 2016;3:79–86. Russian.
- Mamayev SA. Formy vnutrividovoy izmenchivosti drevesnykh rasteniy (na primere semeystva Pinaceae na Urale) [Forms of intraspecific variability of woody plants (on the example of the Pinaceae family in the Urals)]. Moscow: Science; 1972. 284 p. Russian.
- Zykov IY, Fedorova LV, Baranov SG. Otsenka bioindikatsionnogo znacheniya urovnya izmenchivosti parametrov listovykh plastinok lipy melkolistnoy (Tilia cordata Mill.) v usloviyakh goroda Orekhovo-Zuyevo i Orekhovo-Zuyevskogo rayona [Evaluation of the bioindicative value of the level of variability of the parameters of leaf blades of small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata Mill.) in the conditions of the city of Orekhovo-Zuyevo and the Orekhovo-Zuyevsky district]. Vestnik MGOU. Natural Sciences. 2015; 1:15–21. Russian.
- Yermakova AA. Problemy opredeleniya rekreatsionnykh nagruzok i rekreatsionnoy yemkosti territoriy [Problems of determining recreational loads and recreational capacity of territories]. Bulletin of VSU. Geography. Geoecology. 2009;2:16–20. Russian.
- Isachenko TY, Isachenko GA, Ozerova SD. Otsenka rekreatsionnoy narushennosti I regulirovaniye nagruzok na osobo okhranyayemykh prirodnykh territoriyakh Sankt-Peterburga [Assessment of recreational disturbance and regulation of loads in specially protected natural areas of St. Petersburg]. Bulletin of St. Petersburg University. Earth Sciences. 2020;65(1):16–32. Russian.
