Security initiatives of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Belarus, and the People’s Republic of China: theoretical and practical aspects
Keywords:
Global security initiative, international security, Eurasian charter of diversity and multipolarity in the 21st century, Russian Federation, Republic of Belarus, People’s Republic of ChinaAbstract
This article examines changes introduced since 2022 in the strategic and doctrinal documents of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Belarus, and the People’s Republic of China, as well as the practical security initiatives advanced by these states in response to the changing international order and current global situation. The 2023 Foreign policy concept of the Russian Federation introduced new regional categories and revised foreign policy priorities. The 2024 Concept of national security of the Republic of Belarus incorporated new concepts, including «biological security» and «electoral sovereignty». The People’s Republic of China, for its part, has put forward the Global security initiative, which is based on cooperation among states, the rejection of bloc confrontation, and the peaceful coexistence of peoples. The article argues that the foundations of the existing international security system require reassessment, given its limited effectiveness and the extent to which it is increasingly disregarded by many international actors. It also evaluates the security initiatives proposed by the Russian Federation, the Republic of Belarus, and the People’s Republic of China, considering their prospects for implementation and their potential to gain support from other states.
References
- Ryzhenkov MV. A Eurasian charter of diversity and multipolarity in the 21st century. Russia in Global Affairs. 2025;4:74–90. DOI: 10.31278/1810-6374-2025-23-4-74-90.
- Zhuravskaya OS. In the wake of the NATO summit in Washington: scenarios for regional order in Eastern Europe. In: Dostanko EA, editor. Belarus in contemporary world. Materials of International scientific conference dedicated to 103 rd anniversary of the Belarusian State University; 2024 October 24; Minsk, Belarus. Minsk: Belarusian State University; 2024. p. 550–553. Russian.
- Zhuravskaya OS. New world order: reflection in the conceptual documents of the Republic of Belarus of 2024. In: Gromyko AA, Mezhevich NM, Borodenko MM, Prikhodko AA, editors. A collection of articles by finalists of A. A. Gromyko CIS yong intenationalists competition. Moscow: Institute of Europe of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 2025. p. 6–12. Russian.
- Lebedeva O, Bobrov A. Russia’s foreign policy concept: a strategy of multipolar world – 2023 [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2026 March 14]. Available from: https://russiancouncil.ru/analytics-and-comments/analytics/kontseptsiya-vneshney-politiki-rossii-2023-strategiya-mnogopolyarnogo-mira/. Russian.
- Neimark MA. The evolution of Russia’s foreign policy strategy. Moscow: Prospect; 2025. 360 p. Russian.
- Ван Цзинхуа. Характеристики концептуального подхода Китая в области глобальной безопасности. Общество: политика, экономика, право. 2025;10:155–161. DOI: 10.24158/pep.2025.10.17.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of the Belarusian State University. International Relations
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The authors who are published in this journal agree to the following:
- The authors retain copyright on the work and provide the journal with the right of first publication of the work on condition of license Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial. 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0).
- The authors retain the right to enter into certain contractual agreements relating to the non-exclusive distribution of the published version of the work (e.g. post it on the institutional repository, publication in the book), with the reference to its original publication in this journal.
- The authors have the right to post their work on the Internet (e.g. on the institutional store or personal website) prior to and during the review process, conducted by the journal, as this may lead to a productive discussion and a large number of references to this work. (See The Effect of Open Access.)
