Trends in age dynamics of the use parent-child conflict resolution tactics in Chinese families
Keywords:
discipline, disciplining, psychological aggression, physical punishment, violent behaviour, tendencies, tactics to resolve parent-child conflictAbstract
Trends in the age dynamics of tactics for resolving parent-child conflict in Chinese families are discussed. It was found that in different age periods (childhood and early adulthood), regardless of the sexes of the child and the parent, the most common tactics for resolving parent-child conflict are discipline, corporal punishment and psychological aggression. Mothers differ from fathers by their greater involvement in resolving parent-child conflicts with both girls and boys, especially during childhood. The frequency of parents’ use of tactics for resolving parent-child conflict tends to decrease as children grow up.
References
- Ho DYF. Cognitive socialisation in Confucian heritage cultures. In: Greenfield PM, Cocking RR, editors. Cross-cultural Roots of Minority Child Development. Hove: Psychology Press; 1994. p. 285–314.
- Huang Chingyu. Chinese parenting and children’s compliance to adults: a cross-cultural comparative study [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2022 March 6]. 144 р. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281126617_Chinese_parenting_and_children’s_compliance_to_adults_a_cross-cultural_comparative_study.
- Chao RK. Beyond parental control and authoritarian parenting style: understanding Chinese parenting through the cultural notion of training. Child Development. 1994;65:1111–1120. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00806.x.
- Goodman M, Waters SF, Thompson RA. Parent – offspring conflict [Internet]. In: Barrett K, еditor. Handbook of selfregulatory processes in development: new directions and international perspectives. Abingdon-on-Thames: Taylor & Francis; 2012 [cited 2022 March 6]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320811906_Parent-child_conflict.
- Fang Xiaoyi, Zhang Jintao, Sun Li, Liu Zhao. [The relationship between parent-child conflict and the social adjustment of adolescents]. Applied Psychology. 2003;9(4):14–21. Chinese.
- Bi Dan. Research on common characteristics of parent-child conflict among students [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2022 February 13]. 43 p. Available from: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CMFD&dbname=CMFD2009&filename=2009179216.nh&uniplatform=NZKPT&v=eguePX5wNzdzNmJWwZ7TSVM4lcnws0DmpQ4sbTl2z69Ij_YlI6PMZ7psYIAiKqto. Chinese.
- He Wengguang, Song Guangwen. [Preliminary development of a scale on parent-child conflict resolution tactics for adolescents]. Psychological Measurement and Analysis in China. 2006;10:671–674. Chinese.
- Yu Guoliang, Zhou Xuemei. [Parent-child conflict in adolescence and related factors]. Journal of Beijing Normal University (Social Science Publication). 2003;6:33. Chinese.
- Wang Qian, Chang Lei. Parenting and child socialisation in contemporary China. In: Michael HB, editor. Oxford Handbook of Chinese Psychology. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2010. р. 53–68.
- Yeh Kwong Fai, Bedford O. Filial belief and parent-child conflict. International Journal of Psychology. 2004;39(2):132–144.
- Strauss MA. The Multidimensional neglectful behaviour scale. Form A: adolescent and adult–recall version [Internet]. 1995 [cited 2022 February 13]. Available from: http://pubpages.unh.edu/~mas2/.
- Lin Lan. [The current situation of parent-child conflict in families with young children aged 3–6 years and tactics]. Studies in Early Childhood Education. 2011;10:48–54. Chinese.
- Zheng Gang, Shi Shaohua, Tang Hong. Population development and the value of children in the People’s Republic of China. In: Trommsdorff G, Nauck B, editors. The value of children in cross-cultural perspective: case studies from eight societies. Lengerich: Pabst Science; 2005. р. 239–282.
- Chen Qingqi. [Progress in research on child abuse and mental health of child victims in China]. Chinese Journal of Pediatrics. 2006;8:625–628. Chinese.
- Naftali O. Empowering the child: Children’s rights, citizenship and the state in contemporary China. The China Journal. 2009;61:79–104. DOI: 10.2307/20648046.
- Wang Meifang, Liu Li. Parental harsh discipline in Mainland China: prevalence, frequency, and coexistence. Child Abuse and Neglect. 2014;38:1128–1137. DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.02.016.
- Hester M, He Junping, Lan Tian. Girls’ and boys’ experiences and perceptions of parental discipline and punishment while growing up in China and England. Child Abuse Review. 2009;18(6):401–413.
- Chang Lei, Schwartz D, Dodge KA, McBride-Chang C. Harsh parenting in relation to child emotion regulation and aggression. Journal of Family Psychology. 2003;17:598–606. DOI: 10.1037/0893-3200.17.4.598.
- Wang Qian, Pomerantz EM, Chen Huichang. The role of parents’ control in early adolescents’ psychological functioning: a longitudinal investigation in the United States and China. Child Development. 2007;78:1592–1610. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01085.x.
- Shek DTL. A longitudinal study of perceived parental psychological control and psychological well-being in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2007;63:1–22. DOI: 10.1002/jclp.20331.
- Chan Koling. Study on child abuse and spouse battering: Report on findings of household survey. Hong Kong: University of Hong Kong; 2005. 132 р.
- Strauss MA. Identification of child maltreatment with the parent – child conflict tactics scales: development and psychometric data for a national sample of American parents. Child Abuse & Neglect. 1998;22(4):249–270.
- Chen Xinyin, Dong Qi, Zhou Hong. Authoritative and authoritarian parenting practices and social and school performance in Chinese children. International Journal of Behavioral Development. 1997;21:855–873. DOI: 10.1080/016502597384703.
- Chen Xinyin, Liu Mowei, Li Boshu, Cen Guozhen, Chen Huichang, Wang Li. Maternal authoritative and authoritarian attitudes and mother-child interactions and relationships in urban China. International Journal of Behavioral Development. 2000;22:119–126. DOI: 10.1080/016502500383557.
- Chen Xinyin, Wang Li, Chen Huichang, Liu Mowei. Noncompliance and childrearing attitudes as predictors of aggressive behaviour: a longitudinal study in Chinese children. International Journal of Behavioral Development. 2002;26:225–233. DOI: 10.1080/01650250.
- Xing Xiaopei, Zhang Hongli, Shao Shuhui, Wang Meifang. Child negative emotionality and parental harsh discipline in Chinese preschoolers: the different mediating roles of maternal and paternal anxiety. Frontiers in Psychology. 2017;8:339. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00339.
- Fourmanov IA, Wang Chenlan. [Gender differences in the tactics of parent-child conflict resolution in Belarusian and Chinese families]. In: Fourmanov IA, editor. Psychological problems of aggression in social relations. Brest: Brest State A. S. Pushkin University; 2014. p. 206–215. Russian.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
The authors who are published in this journal agree to the following:
- The authors retain copyright on the work and provide the journal with the right of first publication of the work on condition of license Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial. 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0).
- The authors retain the right to enter into certain contractual agreements relating to the non-exclusive distribution of the published version of the work (e.g. post it on the institutional repository, publication in the book), with the reference to its original publication in this journal.
- The authors have the right to post their work on the Internet (e.g. on the institutional store or personal website) prior to and during the review process, conducted by the journal, as this may lead to a productive discussion and a large number of references to this work. (See The Effect of Open Access.)