Меж тем к югу от Луары: южнофранцузский рыцарский идеал и формирование cortezia

  • Марина Александровна Можейко Белорусский государственный университет культуры и искусств, ул. Рабкоровская, 17, 220007, г. Минск, Беларусь

Аннотация

Посвящена реконструкции процесса возникновения куртуазной традиции, воплощенной в лирической поэзии трубадуров. Анализируются аристократические дворы Южной Франции, в контексте развития которых оформилась куртуазная культура. Центральное внимание уделено социокультурным факторам, детерминирующим ее формирование. Показано влияние феномена средневекового города (в частности, городского менталитета) на развитие куртуазной традиции. Проанализирован процесс аристократизации рыцарства, заложивший фундамент куртуазной культуры. Рассмотрен социальный статус трубадура в системе средневековой культуры.

Биография автора

Марина Александровна Можейко, Белорусский государственный университет культуры и искусств, ул. Рабкоровская, 17, 220007, г. Минск, Беларусь

доктор философских наук, профессор; заведующий кафедрой философии и методологии гуманитарных наук факультета культурологии и социокультурной деятельности

Литература

  1. Ivanov KA. Srednevekovyi zamok i ego obitateli [The medieval castle and its inhabitants]. Saint Petersburg: M. P. Frolova’s Tipolithography; 1907. 125 p. Russian.
  2. Zumthor P. Opyt postroeniya srednevekovoi poetiki [An Experience of building a medieval poetics]. Saint Petersburg: Aletheia; 2003. 544 p. Russian.
  3. Mojeiko MA. «A hand for sword – a heart for Lady»: the interpretation of love in the North French knightly. Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology. 2018;3:131–139. Russian.
  4. Mojeiko MA. Love as a reward for the feat: interpretation of love in the North French chivalric novel. Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology. 2018;4:126–133. Russian.
  5. Paris B-P-G. Les cours d’amour. Medieval French literature. [S. l.]: Palala Press; 2015. 174 p.
  6. Brunel-Lobrichon G., Duhamel-Amado C. Povsednevnaya zhizn’ vo vremena trubadurov XII–XIII veka [Everyday life during the troubadours’ time of the 12th–13th centuries] [Internet]. Moscow: Molodaya gvardiya; 2003 [cited 2020 March 11]. 416 p. Co-published by the «Palimpsest». (Living history: the daily life of humanity). Available from: https://coollib. com/b/228569/read https. Russian.
  7. Saponov M. Menestreli. Kniga o muzyke srednevekovoi Evropy [Minstrels. A book about the music of medieval Europe]. Moscow: Klassika – XXI; 2004. 400 p. Russian.
  8. Pastoureau М. Povsednevnaya zhizn’ Frantsii i Anglii vo vremena rytsarei Kruglogo stola [Everyday life of France and England during the Knights of the Round Table]. Moscow: Molodaya gvardiya; 2001. 223 p. Russian.
  9. Bloch M. Feodal’noe obshchestvo [Feudal society] [Internet]. Moscow: Publishing House named after M. & S. Sabashnikov; 2003 [cited March 16, 2020]. 504 p. Available from: https://coollib.com/b/329403/read. Russian.
  10. Alisova TB, Pluzhnikova KN. Staroprovansal’skii yazyk i poeziya trubadurov [Old Provencal language and poetry of the troubadours]. Moscow: MAX Press; 2011. 176 p. Russian.
  11. Narumov BP. [Neo-Romanian Language: Occitan]. In: Narumov BP. Formirovanie romanskikh literaturnykh yazykov. Provansal’skii-oksitanskii [Formation of Romance literary languages. Provencal-Occitan]. Moscow: USSR Academy of Sciences, Institute of Linguistics; 1991. p. 40–52. Russian.
  12. Pernoud R. Aliénor d’Aquitaine [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2020 March 12]. Available from: https://www.e-reading.club/ book.php?book=1016396. Russian.
  13. Gruber RI. Istoriya muzykal’noi kul’tury. Tom 1, chast’ 2 [The history of musical culture. Volume 1, part 2]. Moscow: Muzgiz; 1941. 514 p. Russian.
  14. Pernoud R. Richard L’vinoe Serdtse [Richard the Lionheart] [Internet]. Moscow: Molodaya gvardiya; 2009 [cited 2020 February 12]. 232 p. (Life of wonderful people; issue 1183). Available from: https://royallib.com/read/pernu_regin/richard_lvinoe_serdtse.html#0. Russian.
  15. Hasenohr G, Zink M, editors. Dictionary of French fiction. Middle Ages. Paris: Fayard; 1992. 1507 p.
  16. Shishmarev V. Lirika i liriki pozdnego srednevekov’ya. Ocherki po istorii poezii Frantsii i Provansa [Lyrics and lyricists of the late Middle Ages. Essays on the history of poetry of France and Provence]. Paris: Printing house of N. L. Danzig; 1911. 565 p. Russian.
  17. Mojeiko MA. The science of tender passion: attempts to conceptualize love in the Ovidian tradition of the Middle Ages. Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology. 2019;4:86–97. Russian.
  18. Mojeiko MA. The science of tender passion: attempts to codify love in the Ovidian tradition of the Middle Ages. Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology. 2020;1:78–92. Russian.
  19. Veselovsky UA. [Knight’s Poetry]. In: Arseniev KK, Petrushevskii EE, editors. Entsiklopedicheskii slovar’. Tom 27 [Encyclopedic dictionary. Volume 27]. Saint Petersburg: Tipografiya aktsionernogo obshchestva «Izdatel’skoe delo, byvshee Brokgauz – Efron»; 1899. p. 454. Russian.
  20. Lazar M. L’Amour courtois au fin’amors dans la litterature du XII siecle. Paris: Librairie C. Klincksieck; 1964 235 p.
  21. [Lewis C.] Mistress and vassal: Clive Lewis on the courteous love and sexology of the medieval church. [Internet]. Theory & Practice. 2015 [cited 2019 December 11]. Available from: https://theoryandpractice.ru/posts/10488-clive-stapleslewis. Russian.
  22. Engels F. [Debate on the Polish question in Frankfurt]. In: Marx K, Engels F. Sochineniya. Tom 5 [Works. Volume 5]. 2nd edition. Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo politicheskoi literatury; 1956. p. 335–388. Russian.
  23. Mikhailov AD. [Young heroes of Chretien]. In: Chrétien de Troyes. Erek i Enida. Klizhes [Erec and Enid. Cliges]. Moscow: Nauka; 1980. (Literary Monuments). p. 427–476. Russian.
  24. Mojeiko MA. «I hear a voice from a beauteous far away»: the phenomenon of Ovidian Renaissance in western European culture. Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology. 2019;2:116–123. Russian.
  25. Nyman AG. [On the poetry of troubadours]. In: Nyman AG, translator. Pesni trubadurov [Songs of troubadours]. Moscow: Glavnaya redaktsiya Vostochnoi literatury izdatel’stva «Nauka»; 1979. p. 3–25. Russian.
  26. Pernoud R. La Femme au Temps des Cathedrales. Paris: Stock; 1980. 304 p.
  27. Nyman AG. [About «Flamenca», an Old Provencal novel]. In: Nyman AG, editor, translator. Flamenca. Moscow: Nauka; 1983. (Literary monuments). p. 259–288. Russian.
  28. Le Goff J. Geroi i chudesa Srednikh vekov [Heroes and wonders of the Middle Ages] [Internet]. Moscow: Tekst; 2011. [cited December 10, 2019]. 220 p. Available from: https://royallib.com/read/le_goff_gak/ger-oi_i_chudesa_srednih_vekov.html#0. Russian.
  29. Ivanov-Boretsky MV. [Editor’s note]. In: Aubry P. Trubadury I truvery [Troubadours and trouvers]. Moscow: Muzgiz; 1932. p. 3–7. Russian.
  30. Filippov IS. [Church estate in Provence at the beginning of the 9th century]. Srednie veka. 1980;43:191–206. Russian.
  31. Pokrovsky M. [Medieval heresies and the Inquisition]. In: Vinogradov PG, editor. Kniga dlya chteniya po istorii Srednikh vekov, sostavlennaya kruzhkom prepodavatelei. Vypusk 2 [The book for reading on the history of the Middle Ages, compiled by a circle of teachers. Issue 2]. Moscow: Partnership of A. I. Mamontov’s Printing House; 1897. p. 644–687. Russian.
  32. Osokin NA. Istoriya al’bigoitsev i ikh vremeni. Tom 1 [The history of the Albigensians and their time. Volume 1]. Kazan: University Printing House; 1869. 595 p. Russian.
  33. Arseniev Ioann. Ot Karla Velikogo do Reformatsii. (Istoricheskoe issledovanie vazhneishikh reformatsionnykh dvizhenii v zapadnoi tserkvi v techenie vos’mi stoletii) [From Charles the Great to the Reformation. (Historical study of the most important Reformation movements in the Western Church for eight centuries)]. Moscow: Typolithography of the partnership I. N. Kushneryov & Co.; 1913. 687 p. Russian.
  34. Théry J. Les Hérésies, du XIIe au début du XIVe s. In: de Cevins MM, Matz JM, editors. Structures et dynamiques de la vie religieuse en Occident (1179–1449). Rennes: Presses Universitaires de Rennes; 2010. p. 373–386.
  35. Dyakonov MM. Ocherk istorii Drevnego Irana [Essay on the history of Ancient Iran]. Moscow: Oriental literature; 1961. 444 p. Russian.
  36. Nikolaev YuN (Danzas YuN). V poiskakh Bozhestva. Ocherki po istorii gnostitsizma [In search of the Deity. Essays on the history of Gnosticism]. Kyiv: Sofiya; 1995. 541 p. Russian.
  37. Karatini R. Katary. Boevoi put’ al’bigoiskoi eresi [Cathars. The battle path of the Albigensian heresy]. Moscow: Eksmo; 2010. (Secrets of ancient civilizations). 400 p. Russian.
  38. Oldenburg ZS. Koster Monsegyura. Istoriya al’bigoiskikh krestovykh pokhodov [Bonfire of Montsegur. History of the Albiguian Crusades]. Saint Petersburg: Aleteiya; 2001. 416 p. Russian.
  39. Smoley R. Gnostiki, katary, masony, ili Zapretnaya vera [Gnostics, Cathars, Freemasons, or Forbidden Faith]. Moscow: AST; 2008. (Historical library). 320 p. Russian.
  40. Zerner M. Question sur la naissance de l’affaire albigeoise. In: Duby G. L’écriture de l’Histoire. Bruxelles: De Boeck Université; 1996. p. 427–444.
  41. Griffe E. Les Débuts de l’aventure cathare en Languedoc (1140–1190). Paris: Letouzey & Ane; 1969. 218 p.
  42. Madol J. Al’bigoiskaya drama i sud’by Frantsii [Albigensian drama and the fates of France]. Saint Petersburg: Eurasia; 2000. 320 p. (Clio). Russian.
  43. Stam SM. Ekonomicheskoe i sotsial’noe razvitie rannego goroda (Tuluza XI–XIII vekov) [Economic and social development of the early city (Toulouse 11th–13th centuries)]. Saratov: Publishing house of the Saratov University; 1969. 429 p. Russian.
  44. Gies F, Gies J. Cathedral, forges and waterwheel: technology and invention in the Middle Ages. New York: Harper Perennial; 1995. 357 p.
  45. Egorov DN, editor. Srednevekov’e v ego pamyatnikakh [The Middle Ages in its monuments]. Moscow: Typolithography «Y. Dankin & Y. Khomutov»; 1913. 292 p. Russian.
  46. Moravsky S. [French cities in the Middle Ages]. In: Vinogradov PG, editor. Kniga dlya chteniya po istorii Srednikh vekov, sostavlennaya kruzhkom prepodavatelei. Vypusk 2 [The book for reading on the history of the Middle Ages, compiled by a circle of teachers. Issue 2]. Moscow: Partnership of A. I. Mamontov’s Printing house; 1897. p. 92–132. Russian.
  47. Shaitanov IO. [Europe in the context of medieval culture]. In: Kuznetsova TF, editor. Ocherki po istorii mirovoi kul’tury [Essays on the history of world culture]. Moscow: Yazyki russkoi kul’tury; 1997. p. 141–175. Russian.
  48. Gurevich AY. Kategorii srednevekovoi kul’tury [Categories of medieval culture]. Moscow: Iskusstvo; 1984. 350 p. Russian.
  49. Aleksinsky DP, Zhukov KA, Butyagin AM, Korovkin DS. Vsadniki voiny: kavaleriya Evropy [Horsemen of the war: cavalry of Europe]. Saint Petersburg: Poligon; 2005. 488 p. Co-published by the AST. Russian.
  50. Polo de Beaulieu M-A. Srednevekovya Frantsiya [Medieval France] [Internet]. Moscow: Veche; 2014 [cited 2020 March 31]. 384 p. Available from: https: //history.wikireading.ru/11151.
  51. Flori J. Chevalerie. In: Le Goff J, Schmitt JC, editors. Dictionnaire raisonné de l’Occident médiéval. Paris: Fayard; 1999. p. 199–213.
  52. Luchitskaya SI. [Knighthood]. In: Gurevich AY, editor. Slovar’ srednevekovoi kul’tury [Dictionary of medieval culture]. Moscow: Rossiiskaya politicheskaya entsiklopediya; 2007. (Summa culturologiae). p. 431–437. Russian.
  53. Malinin YP. Obshchestvenno-politicheskaya mysl’ pozdnesrednevekovoi Frantsii XIV–XV vv. [Socio-political thought of late medieval France of the 14th–15th centuries]. Saint Petersburg: Publishing House of the Saint Petersburg University; 2000. 231 p. Russian.
  54. Fedorov SE, Prokopyev AYu, editors. Nobilitet v istorii Staroi Evropy [Nobility in the history of Old Europe]. Saint Petersburg: Publishing House of the Saint Petersburg University; 2010. 364 p. Russian.
  55. Sidorov AI. [Carolingian milites and nobiles: on the background of medieval European chivalry]. In: Gurevich AYa, editor. Odissei. Chelovek v istorii [Odysseus. The man in history]. Moscow: Nauka; 2004. p. 36–46. Russian.
  56. Khachaturian NA. [The status of the Western European nobility, its internal stratification and social potentials]. Byulleten’ Vserossiiskoi Assotsiatsii medievistov i istorikov rannego Novogo vremeni. 1997;8:10–14. Russian.
  57. Smirnova ED. [Nobility as a phenomenon of the Western European Middle Ages (historical and historiographic aspect)]. In: Fiadosik VA, Eutuhou IA, editors. Listapadawskija sustrjechy – 10. Zbornik artykulaw pa matjeryjalah Mizhnarodnaj navukovaj kanferjencyi w gonar akadjemikaw M. M. Nikol”skaga i U. M. Percava; 14–15 listapada 2013 g.; Minsk, Belarus’ [October meetings – 10. Сollection of articles based on materials from the International scientific conference in honor of academicians N. N. Nikolsky and V. N. Pertsev; 2013 November 14–15]. Minsk: Belarusian State University; 2013. p. 1–8. Russian.
  58. [Accolade]. In: Andreevskii AE, editor. Entsiklopedicheskii slovar’ Brokgauza i Efrona. Tom 1 [Encyclopedic dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 1]. Saint Petersburg: Aktsionernoe izdatel’skoe obshchestvo «Brokgauz – Efron»; 1890. p. 287. Russian.
  59. Grevs IM. [Feudalism. The essence of feudalism and its origin]. In: Arseniev KK, Petrushevskii EE, editors. Entsiklopedicheskii slovar’. Tom 35a [Encyclopedic dictionary. Volume 35a]. Saint Petersburg: Tipografiya aktsionernogo obshchestva «Izdatel’skoe delo, byvshee Brokgauz – Efron»; 1902. p. 494–558. Russian.
  60. Mojeiko MA. [The problem of discourse in modern post-non-classical philosophy]. In: Rożek L, redactor. Formacje dyskursywne w kulturze, językach i literaturze europejskiej XX wieku. Prace interdyscyplinarne – IV. Częstochow: Akademia im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie; 2005. s. 77–107. Russian.
  61. Mojeiko MA. [P. Serio’s concept of “nominalization”]. In: Kharitonchik Z, editor. Nominatsiya i diskurs. Materialy dokladov Mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii; 8–9 noyabrya 2006 g.; Minsk, Belarus [Nomination and discourse. Materials of reports of the International Scientific Conference; 2006 November 8–9; Minsk, Belarus]. Minsk: Minsk State Linguistic University; 2006. p. 39–41. Russian.
  62. Luchitskaya SI. [Chivalry is a unique phenomenon of the Western European Middle Ages]. In: Gurevich AYa, editor. Odissei. Chelovek v istorii [Odysseus. The man in history]. Moscow: Nauka; 2004. p. 36–46. Russian.
  63. Schepkin NN. [Chivalry]. In: Arseniev KK, Petrushevskii EE, editors. Entsiklopedicheskii slovar’. Tom 27 [Encyclopedic dictionary. Volume 27]. Saint Petersburg: Tipografiya aktsionernogo obshchestva «Izdatel’skoe delo, byvshee Brokgauz – Efron»; 1899. p. 458–462. Russian.
  64. Genicot L. Noblesse. In: Dictionnaire raisonné de l’Occident médiéval. Paris: Fayard; 1999. p. 821–833.
  65. Ramon Lul. [The Book of the Knight’s Order]. In: Ramon Lul (Raimund Lullius). Kniga o Lyubyashchem i Vozlyublennom. Kniga o rytsarskom ordene. Kniga o zhivotnykh. Pesn’ Ramona [The Book about the Lover and the Beloved. The Book of the Knight’s Order. The Book about Animals. Song of Ramon]. 2nd edition. Saint Petersburg: Nauka; 2003. (Literary Monuments). p. 71–132. Russian.
  66. Klenshan F de Puy du. Rytsarstvo [Knighthood]. Saint Petersburg: Eurasia; 2004. (Clio). 190 p. Russian.
  67. Gurevich AY. Individ i sotsium na Srednevekovom Zapade [Individual and society in the Medieval West]. Saint Petersburg: Alexandria; 2009 . 481 p. Russian.
  68. [Biographies of troubadours]. In: Meilakh MB. Meletinsky EM, editors. Zhizneopisaniya trubadurov [Biographies of troubadours]. Moscow: Nauka; 1993. (Literary Monuments). p. 8–259. Russian.
  69. Roy JJ. Istoriya rytsarstva [The history of knighthood]. Moscow: Aleteiya; 1996. 248 p. (Vita memoriae). Russian.
  70. Scheglova LV, Saenko NR. Obraz blagorodnogo vsadnika: kul’turnye modeli [The image of a noble horseman: cultural models]. Moscow: Publishing House of the Moscow State Regional University; 2010.184 p. Russian.
  71. Desimon R. [Nobility, «breed» or social category? The search for new ways to explain the phenomenon of the nobility in France of the New Age]. Frantsuzskii ezhegodnik. 2001;2001:14–35. Russian.
  72. Bonnassie P. La Catalogne du milieu du X à la fin du XI siècle. Croissance et mutations d’une société. Volume 1. Toulouse: Presses universitaires du Mirail; 1975. 522 p.
Опубликован
2020-10-04
Ключевые слова: южнофранцузское рыцарство, аристократические дворы, куртуазность, трубадуры, рыцарь и аристократ, аристократизация рыцарства, идеология аристократии, любовная лирика
Как цитировать
Можейко, М. А. (2020). Меж тем к югу от Луары: южнофранцузский рыцарский идеал и формирование cortezia. Журнал Белорусского государственного университета. Социология, 2, 100-123. Доступно по https://journals.bsu.by/index.php/sociology/article/view/2899
Выпуск
№ 2 (2020): Журнал Белорусского государственного университета. Социология
Раздел
Курс по выбору

Copyright (c) 2020 Журнал Белорусского государственного университета. Социология

Лицензия Creative Commons

Это произведение доступно по лицензии Creative Commons «Attribution-NonCommercial» («Атрибуция — Некоммерческое использование») 4.0 Всемирная.

Авторы, публикующиеся в данном журнале, соглашаются со следующим:

  1. Авторы сохраняют за собой авторские права на работу и предоставляют журналу право первой публикации работы на условиях лицензии Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial. 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0).
  2. Авторы сохраняют право заключать отдельные контрактные договоренности, касающиеся неэксклюзивного распространения версии работы в опубликованном здесь виде (например, размещение ее в институтском хранилище, публикацию в книге) со ссылкой на ее оригинальную публикацию в этом журнале.
  3. Авторы имеют право размещать их работу в интернете (например, в институтском хранилище или на персональном сайте) до и во время процесса рассмотрения ее данным журналом, так как это может привести к продуктивному обсуждению и большему количеству ссылок на данную работу. (См. The Effect of Open Access).