Проблемы концептуализации и операционализации отношения к иммигрантам в межстрановых сравнительных исследованиях

  • Дмитрий Сергеевич Григорьев Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики», ул. Мясницкая, 20, 101000, г. Москва, Россия https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4511-7942
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6821-2020-3-89-100

Аннотация

Рассматривается текущая дискуссия среди специалистов, подробно исследуется проблемная непоследовательность в концептуализации и операционализации отношения к иммигрантам в межстрановых сравнительных исследованиях. Показаны истоки обозначенных проблем, которые прежде всего связаны с теоретическим тупиком, а именно с замкнутостью и тиражированием теории конкурентной угрозы и излишней опорой на литературу (особенно американскую) по расовой предубежденности (отношение к иммигрантам и отношение к афроамериканскому населению США – это далеко не одно и то же). Поднимаются вопросы, вызванные необходимостью четкого определения границ между группами (иммигрантами и принимающим населением), применения группоспецифического подхода, преодоления терминологического разнообразия, большей дифференциации взаимосвязанных конструктов, перехода от отражающего (reflective) подхода к измерительным моделям к формующему (formative) для введения специального сравнительного индекса отношения к иммигрантам, учитывающего страновую (региональную) специфику, решения проблемы измерения в рамках опросного метода при подборе пунктов для анкеты (включая избегание пунктов, которые несут двойственный характер). Также рассмотрены варианты прикладной концептуализации отношения к иммигрантам с помощью метафоры расстояния (социальная дистанция) и температуры («термометр чувств») и сопутствующие вопросы их операционализации. При необходимости приводятся иллюстрации и примеры, актуальные для российской действительности.

Биография автора

Дмитрий Сергеевич Григорьев , Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики», ул. Мясницкая, 20, 101000, г. Москва, Россия

кандидат психологических наук; научный сотрудник Центра социокультурных исследований

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Опубликован
2020-09-29
Ключевые слова: отношение к иммигрантам, межстрановые сравнительные исследования, социальная дистанция, аккультурация, принимающее общество, дискриминация иммигрантов, группоспецифический подход, «термометр чувств»
Поддерживающие организации Статья подготовлена в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики».
Как цитировать
Григорьев , Д. С. (2020). Проблемы концептуализации и операционализации отношения к иммигрантам в межстрановых сравнительных исследованиях. Журнал Белорусского государственного университета. Социология, 3, 89-100. https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6821-2020-3-89-100
Выпуск
№ 3 (2020): Журнал Белорусского государственного университета. Социология
Раздел
С рабочего стола социолога

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