The influence of heavy metals on morphological and physiological parameters of Salix clones

  • Jelena D. Urošević University of Belgrade
  • Aleh I. Rodzkin International Sakharov Environmental Institute, Belarusian State University
  • Dragica M. Stanković Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade
  • Goran Dj. Trivan Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade
  • Filip A. Jovanović Institute for Forestry

Abstract

Three clones of Salix alba and one clone of Salix viminalis were used for research purposes. The research aims to study the influence of heavy metals Ni, Cu, Cr Cd, Pb and As, on morphological (primary and secondary growth) and physiological (rate of photosynthesis, transpiration, water use efficiency) processes and determine the most favourable clone that would have its application in phytoremediation of contaminated soil and productivity of different fast-growing clones, with the aim of energy production. Prospective clones of willow were evaluated based on morphological (plant height, stem diameter, biomass, leaf area) and physiological (photosynthesis intensity and transpiration, stomatal conductance, efficient use of water, intercellular concentration of СО2) parameters. Contamination of soil with heavy metals negatively affected the morphological and physiological characteristics of willow clones. Clones with physiological characteristics less dependent on soil contamination with heavy metals were selected on the results of evaluation. Physiological parameters of clones positively correlated with morphological parameters. Heat of willow biomass combustion planted on contaminated and uncontaminated soils didn’t differ significantly. Among the studied genotypes, two Salix alba clones, namely clones 3 and 4, stand out. The contaminated habitat substantially reduces willow biomass and physiological parameters of willow. Nonetheless, the thermal energy derived from biomass showed no significant variance between contaminated and uncontaminated plants.

Author Biographies

Jelena D. Urošević, University of Belgrade

postgraduate student; senior researcher at the laboratory, faculty of forestry.

Aleh I. Rodzkin, International Sakharov Environmental Institute, Belarusian State University

doctor of science (biology), docent; director.

Dragica M. Stanković, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade

doctor of sciences (biology); leading researher; director.

Goran Dj. Trivan, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade

doctor of science (biology); senior researher at the department of plants, soil and nano system.

Filip A. Jovanović, Institute for Forestry

doctor of science (biology); senior researher.

References

  1. Pilon-Smiths E. Phytoremediation. Annual Review of Plant Biology 2005;56:15–39.
  2. Newsholme C. Willows. The Genus Salix. Batsford, London: [publisher unknown]; 1992. Volume 129 (7–16). p. 224.
  3. Landberg T, Greger M. Can heavy metal tolerant clones of Salix be used as vegetation filters on heavy metal contaminated land? In: Aronsson P, Perttu K, editors. Willow vegetation filters for municipal wastewaters and sludges. A biological purification system. Uppsala: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; 1994. p. 133–144.
  4. Landberg T, Greger M. Differences in uptake and tolerance to heavy metals in Salix from unpolluted and polluted areas. Applied Geochemistry. 1996;11:175–180.
  5. Felix H. Vor-Ort-Reinigung schwermetallbelasteter Böden mit Hilfe von metallakkumulierenden Pflanzen (Hyperakkumulatoren). Terra Tech. 1997;2:47–49.
  6. Greger M, Landberg T. Use of willow in phytoextraction. International Journal Phytoremediation. 1999;1:115–123.
  7. Hammar D, Kayser A, Keller C. Phytoextraction of Cd and Zn with Salix viminalis in field trials. Soil Use and Management. 2003;19:187–192.
  8. Pulford ID, Watson C. Phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated land by trees – a review. Enivironment International 2003;29:529–540.
  9. Mleczk M, Rutkowski P, Rissmann I, Kaczmarek Z, Golinski P, Szentner K, Strazynska K, Stachowiak A. Biomass productivity and phytoremediation potential of Salix alba and Salix viminalis. Biomass Bioenergy. 2010;34:1410–1418.
  10. Greger M, Landberg T. Novel field data on phytoextraction: Precultivation with Salix reduces cadmium in wheat grains. International Journal of Phytoremediation. 2015;17:917–924.
  11. Wani KA, Sofi ZM, Malik JA, Wani JA. Phytoremediation of heavy metals using Salix (willows). In: Bhat R, Hakeem K, Dervash M, editors. Bioremediation and Biotechnology. Cham, Swizerland: Springer; 2020. Volume 2. p. 257–268.
  12. Brieger G, Wells JR, Hunter RD. Content in fly ash ecosystem. Water Air and Soil Pollution. 1992;63:87–103.
  13. Ledin S. Willow wood properties, production and economy. Biomass and Bioenergy. 1996;11:75–83.
  14. Rodzkin A, Orlović S, Krstić B, Pilipović A. The assessment of physiology parameters of willow plants as a criterion for selection of prospective clones. Matica Srpska Journal Nature Science. 2015;129:7–16.
  15. Urošević J, Jovanović F, Tadić V, Trivan G, Stanković D. Benefits of economic entities through the co-combustion of various clones from Salix sp. Genus and a mixture of different lignite samples. In: The 23rd International Scientific conference «Sakharov readings 2023: enviromenal problems of the XXI century». Minsk: IVTs Minfina; 2023; p. 221–225.
  16. Zhang S. Wood Quality Attributes and Their Impacts on Wood Utilization. In: XII World Forestry Congress. 2003. URL: https:// www.fao.org/3/xii/0674-b1.htm.
  17. Statgraphics Centurion. Version XVI.I. In:Warrenton, VA, editor. StatPoint Technologies Inc. USA: Corporate Headquarters; 2009. Tom 560.
  18. Becerril JM, Munoz-Rueda A, Aparicio-Tejo P, Gonzales-Murua C. The effects of cadmium and lead on photosynthetic electron transport in clover and lucerne. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 1988;26:357–363.
  19. Seregin IV, Ivanov VB. Physiological aspects of cadmium and lead toxic effects on higher plants. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology. 2001;48:523–544.
  20. Pietrini F, Iannelli MA, Montanari R, Bianconi D, Massacci A. Cadmium interaction with thiols and photosynthesis in higher plants. In: Hemantaranjan A, editor. Advances in Plant Physiology. Jodhpur, India: Scientific Publishers; 2005. p. 313–326.
  21. Seregin IV, Kozhevnikova AD. Physiological role of nickel and its toxic effects on higher plants. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology. 2006;53:257–277.
  22. Vasilev A, Perez-Sanz A, Semanem B, Carleer R, Vangronsveld J. Cadmium accumulation and tolerance of two Salix genotypes hydroponically grown in presence of cadmium. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 2005;28:2159–2177.
  23. Greene P. Weeping Willow Growth Rates Compare with Salix babylonica Re-rooted Branch Cuttings. Journal of Botanical Sciences. 2016;3:20–23.
  24. Christersson L. Biomass production by irrigated and fertilized Salix clones. Biomass. 1987;12:83–95.
  25. Johnson J, Tognetti R, Paris P. Water relations and gas exchange in poplar and willow under water stress and elevated atmospheric CO2. Physiologia Plantarum. 2002;115(1):93–100.
  26. Bowman WD, Conant RT. Shoot growth dynamics and photosynthetic response to increased nitrogen availability in the alpine willow salix-glauca. Oecologia. 1994;97(1):93–99.
  27. Arsenov D, Nikolić N, Borišev M, Župunski M, OrloviĆ S, Pilipović A, Pajević S. Greenhouse assessment of citric acid-assisted phytoremediation of cadmium by willows (Salix spp.) effect on photosynthetic performances and metal tolerance. Baltic Forestry. 2019;25(2):203–212.
  28. Andralojc PJ, Bencze S, Madgwick PJ, Philippe H, Powers SJ, Shield I, Karp A, Parry MJ. Photosynthesis and growth in diverse willow genotypes. Journal Food and Energy Security. 2014;3:69–85.
  29. Pajević S, Borišev M, Nikolić N, Krstić B, Pilipović A, Orlović S. Phytoremediation capacity of poplar (Populus spp.) and willow (Salix spp.) clones in relation to photosynthesis. Archives of Biological Sciences. 2009;61(2h):239–247.
  30. Gimenez C, Gallardo M, Thompson RB. Plant – water relations. Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment. 2005:231–238.
  31. Jeanguenin LF, Chaumon F. Uptake, loss and cotrol. Plant Physiology and Development in Encyclopedia of Applied Plant Sciences (Second Edition). 2017;1:135–140.
  32. Taiz L, Zeiger E. Plant Physiology. Sunderland, USA: Sinauer Associates; 2006. p. 764.
  33. Boyer JS. Impact of cuticle on calculations of the CO2 concentration inside leaves. Planta. 2015;242:1405–1412.
  34. Pearcy RW, Schulze ED, Zimmermann R. Measurement of transpiration and leaf conductance. In: Pearcy RW, Ehleringer JR, Mooney HA, Rundel PW editors. Plant Physiological Ecology. Dordrecht: Springer; 2000. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9013-1_8.
  35. Krstić B, Oljača R, Stanković D. Fiziologija drvenastih biljaka (Physiology of woody plants). Grafomark: Laktaši; 2011. p. 352.
  36. Rodzkin OI, Vajtsehovich NN, Shkutnik ОА, Orlovich S, Кrstić B, Klašnja B, Pilipović A, Kovačević B. The use of adaptive clones as a factor in the effective implementation of energy plantations of fast-growing willow. Vestnik IrGSHA. 2013;56:46–54.
  37. Weih M, Nordh W-E. Characterising willows for biomass and phytoremediation: growth, nitrogen and water use of 14 willow clones under different irrigation and fertilisation. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2002;23:397–413.
  38. Jones GH. Stomatal control of photosynthesis and transpiration. Journal of Experimental Botany. 1998;49:387–398.
  39. Liñán ID, Carabana, VM, Cañellas I, Gil L, Izquierdo GG. Climate change synchronizes growth and iWUE across species in a temperate-submediterranean mixed oak forest. Frontiers Plant Science. 2020;11:706.
  40. Lindroth A & Cienciala E. Water use ef f i ciency of short – rotation Salix viminalis at leaf, tree and stand scales. Tree Physiology.1996;16:256–262.
Published
2024-05-20
Keywords: clones of Salix, heavy metals, morphological parameters, physiological processes
Supporting Agencies This research was funded by the Science Fund of Republic of Serbia through research project «Landfill Remediation with the Use of Short Rotation Biomass Woody Crops (SRWC) Energy Plantations and Provisioning Multiple Ecosystem Services (TreeRemEnergy) 5357».
How to Cite
Urošević, J., Rodzkin, A., Stanković, D., Trivan, G., & Jovanović, F. (2024). The influence of heavy metals on morphological and physiological parameters of Salix clones. Journal of the Belarusian State University. Ecology, 4, 104-113. Retrieved from https://journals.bsu.by/index.php/ecology/article/view/6404
Issue
No 4 (2023): Journal of the Belarusian state university. Ecology
Section
Industrial and Agricultural Ecology