The history of the establishment and stages in the development of Confucius institutes (2004–2021)
Abstract
The author of the article examines the history of the establishment and distinct stages in the development of Confucius institutes, including their objectives, principles, and funding mechanisms. The challenges faced by Confucius institutes in various countries are also indentified. The author delineates stages of the development of Confucius institutes: 2004–2011 (the formative stage of the cultural-educational institution), 2012–2019 (the advanced operational stage), and 2020–2021 (the transformational stage characterised by comprehensive reforms in the institutes’ activities).
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