The idea basis of a Marxist research programme, or How to remain a Marxist
Abstract
Marxism never stood still and developed as a research programme – a unit of scientific knowledge, which is a set of interchangeable concepts connected by a single ideological foundation. The Marxist research programme consists of three parts: classical, party and neo-Marxist. The heuristic of the programmatic development of Marxist thought is made up of three strengths of all Marxist trends: classical funding, a conservative party approach, and neo-Marxist freedom of interpretation. The question of the ideological basis of all Marxism remains open. The article defends the position that the programme foundation of Marxism should be minimal in order to maximally include all previous and future research into the Marxist research programme (quantitative criterion). It is concluded that despite the extensive, contradictory and competing research heritage, all Marxist knowledge invariably followed the class-dialectical approach (qualitative criterion). Marxism in the minimum required dimension defends only two main ideas: the modern world is the reproduction of class-power confrontation, and not public management technologies; the modern world is a transient stage in the development of mankind, and not a second nature.
References
- Fil’k D, Ram U. [Marxism after postmodernism: rethinking the subject of liberation politics]. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya. 2015;5:22–32. Russian.
- Kondrashov PN. Filosofiya Karla Marksa. Ekzistentsial’no-antropologicheskie aspekty [Karl Marx’s philosophy: existential and anthropological aspects]. Moscow: Lenand; 2019. 216 p. Russian.
- Mao Zedong. Malen’kaya krasnaya knizhitsa [Little red book]. Moscow: Eksmo; 2010. 448 p. Russian.
- Mareev SN. [Historical materialism and materialistic understanding of history: revision of revision]. In: Buzgalin AV, Voejkov MI, editors. Marks posle Marksa. Postsovetskaya shkola kriticheskogo marksizma (k 200-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya Karla Marksa) [Marx after Marx. Post-Soviet school of critical Marxism (on the 200th anniversary of the birth of Karl Marx)]. Moscow: Editorial URSS; 2019. p. 161–172. Russian.
- Berkov VF. [«Theses on Feuerbach» by K. Marx and Soviet philosophical literature]. In: Gigin VF, editor. Marks i marksizm v kontekste sovremennosti. Materialy Mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii, posvyashchennoi 200-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya K. Marksa (1818–1883); 26–27 aprelya 2018 g.; Minsk, Belarus’ [Marx and Marxism in the context of modernity. Proceedings of the International scientific conference dedicated to the 200th anniversary of the birth of K. Marx (1818–1883); 2018 April 26–27; Minsk, Belarus]. Minsk: Belarusian State University; 2018. p. 67–72. Russian.
- Rubanau AA. [Social theory of K. Marx]. In: Gigin VF, editor. Marks i marksizm v kontekste sovremennosti. Materialy Mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii, posvyashchennoi 200-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya K. Marksa (1818–1883); 26–27 aprelya 2018 g.; Minsk, Belarus’ [Marx and Marxism in the context of modernity. Proceedings of the International scientific conference dedicated to the 200th anniversary of the birth of K. Marx (1818–1883); 2018 April 26–27; Minsk, Belarus]. Minsk: Belarusian State University; 2018. p. 386–391. Russian.
- Glazunov ON. Osobennosti revolyutsionnykh tekhnologii v teoreticheskom nasledii marksizma i neomarksizma [Features of revolutionary technologies in the theoretical legacy of Marxism and neo-Marxism]. Moscow: Probel-2000; 2010. 111 p. Russian.
- Lenin VI. Polnoe sobranie sochinenii. Tom 33, Gosudarstvo i revolyutsiya [Collected works. Volume 33. State and revolution]. Moscow: Gospolitizdat; 1962. 433 p. Russian.
- Belokrylova VA. [Marxist discourse in conditions of pluralism of interpretations]. In: Gigin VF, editor. Marks i marksizm v kontekste sovremennosti. Materialy Mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii, posvyashchennoi 200-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya K. Marksa (1818–1883); 26–27 aprelya 2018 g.; Minsk, Belarus’ [Marx and Marxism in the context of modernity. Proceedings of the International scientific conference dedicated to the 200th anniversary of the birth of K. Marx (1818–1883); 2018 April 26–27; Minsk, Belarus]. Minsk: Belarusian State University; 2018. p. 58–62. Russian.
- Buravoy M, Wright EO. Sociological Marxism (part 1). Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya. 2011;9:18–29. Russian.
- Aron R. Mnimyi marksizm [Imaginary Marxism]. Moscow: Progress; 1993. 384 p. Russian.
- Balibar E, Wallerstein I. Rasa, natsiya, klass. Dvusmyslennye identichnosti [Race, nation, class. Ambiguous identities]. Glushhenko I, translator. Moscow: Logos-Al’tera; 2003. 267 p. Russian.
- Il’enkov JeV. Filosofija i kul’tura [Philosophy and culture]. Moscow: Politizdat; 1991. 464 p. Russian.
- Mikhailouski VS. Three problems of neo-Marxism, or What you need to know before using a neo-Marxist approach. Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology. 2021;3:38–46. Russian. DOI: 10.33581/2521-6821-2021-3-38-46.
- Adorno TV. Negativnaya dialektika [Negative dialectic]. Petrenko EL, translator. Moscow: Akademicheskij proekt; 2011. Russian.
- Marković M. The idea of critique in social theory. The Praxis International. 1983;2:108–120.
- Dmitriev AN. Marksizm bez proletariata: Georg Lukach i rannyaya frankfurtskaya shkola (1920–1930-e gg.) [Marxism without the proletariat: Georg Lukacs and the early Frankfurt school (1920–1930)]. Moscow: Letnii sad; 2004. 528 p. Russian.
- Adorno TW. Reflections on class theory. In: Tiedemann R, Livingstone R, editors. Can one live after Auschwitz?: a philosophical reader. Stanford: Stanford University Press; 2003. p. 93–110.
- Lukach D. K ontologii obshchestvennogo bytiya. Prolegomeny [Towards the ontology of social existence. Prolegomena]. Moscow: Progress; 1991. 412 p. Russian.
- Engels F. Pis’ma ob istoricheskom materializme, 1890–1894 [Letters on historical materialism, 1890–1894]. Moscow: Politizdat; 1983. 32 p. Russian.
- Kagarlitskii BYu, Procenko N. «Marx himself was not always a Marxist». Big interview with Boris Kagarlitsky. Part 1 [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 May 2]. Available from: gorky.media/context/sam-marks-byl-marksistom-daleko-ne-vsegda/. Russian.
- Marx K, Engels F. Sochineniya. Tom 13 [Works. Volume 13]. Moscow: Gospolitizdat; 1959. 771 p. Russian.
- Lenin VI. Polnoe sobranie sochinenii. Tom 42, Noyabr’ 1920 – mart 1921 [Full composition of writings. Volume 42. November 1920 – March 1921]. Moscow: Gospolitizdat; 1977. 606 p. Russian.
- Mikhailouski VS. Politologicheskii neomarksizm: istoriya, metodologiya, teoriya [Political science neo Marxism: history, methodology, theory]. Minsk: National Institute for Higher Education; 2017. 204 p. Russian.
- Eagleton T. Why Marx was right. New Haven: Yale University Press; 2011. 280 p. Russian edition: Eagleton T. Pochemu Marks byl prav. Norvillo P, translator. Moscow: Kar’era Press; 2012. 288 p.
- Althusser L, Balibar E. Reading capital [Internet]. 1968 [cited 2023 May 2]. Available from: http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/althusser/1968/reading-capital/ch03.htm.
- Romanov OA. K. Marx’s Theory of class struggle in the era of modern global transformations: explanatory possibilities and boundaries. In: Gigin VF, editor. Marks i marksizm v kontekste sovremennosti. Materialy Mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii, posvyashchennoi 200-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya K. Marksa (1818–1883); 26–27 aprelya 2018 g.; Minsk, Belarus’ [Marx and Marxism in the context of modernity. Proceedings of the International scientific conference dedicated to the 200th anniversary of the birth of K. Marx (1818–1883); 2018 April 26–27; Minsk, Belarus]. Minsk: Belarusian State University; 2018. p. 381–384. Russian.
- Marx K, Engels F. Sochineniya. Tom 28 [Collected works. Volume 28]. Moscow: Gospolitizdat; 1968. 768 p. Russian.
- Lenin VI. Polnoe sobranie sochinenii. Tom 39, Iyun’ – dekabr’ 1919 [Full composition of writings. Volume 39. June – December 1919]. Moscow: Gospolitizdat; 1977. 623 p. Russian.
- Balibar E. On the dictatorship of the proletariat. London: NLB; 1977. 237 p.
- Hardt M, Negri A. Empire. Cambridge: Harvard University Press; 2000. 478 p. Russian edition: Hardt M, Negri A. Imperija. Moscow: Praksis, 2004. 440 p.
- Marcuse G. Razum i revolyutsiya [Reason and revolution]. Shurbelev AL, translator. Saint Petersburg: Vladimir Dal’; 2000. 541 p. Russian.
- Therborn Y. From Marxism to post-Marxism? London: Verso; 2008. 194 p. Russian edition: Therborn Y. Ot marksizma k postmarksizmu? Afanasov N, translator. Moscow: Higher School of Economics Publishing House; 2021. 256 p.
- Marx K, Engels F. Sochineniya. Tom 3 [Collected Works. Volume 3]. Moscow: Gospolitizdat; 1955. 629 p. Russian.
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The authors who are published in this journal agree to the following:
- The authors retain copyright on the work and provide the journal with the right of first publication of the work on condition of license Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial. 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0).
- The authors retain the right to enter into certain contractual agreements relating to the non-exclusive distribution of the published version of the work (e.g. post it on the institutional repository, publication in the book), with the reference to its original publication in this journal.
- The authors have the right to post their work on the Internet (e.g. on the institutional store or personal website) prior to and during the review process, conducted by the journal, as this may lead to a productive discussion and a large number of references to this work. (See The Effect of Open Access.)