Short version of the Machiavellianism questionnaire: reliability, validity, factor structura

  • Viktor P. Sheinov National Institute for Higher Education, 15 Maskowskaja Street, Minsk 220007, Belarus
  • Anton S. Dziavitsyn Belarusian State University, 4 Niezaliežnasci Avenue, Minsk 220030, Belarus

Abstract

The Machiavellianism of a person is manifested in the tendency to manipulate other people. Digital technologies have expanded the possibilities of Machiavellians through online manipulation. Therefore, in recent years, the demand for the study of the phenomenon of Machiavellianism has increased significantly in the scientific community. Questionnaires serve as a tool for empirical research. Reducing the number of tasks in them allows you to increase the sample size, improve the quality of respondents’ answers and study a larger number of research hypotheses. The objectives of this study are to develop a short version of the Machiavellianism questionnaire, to prove its reliability and validity, and to study its factor structure. The answers of 713 respondents from Belarus and Russia aged 12 to 82 were used. The original (MK-20) and short (MK-15) versions of the Machiavellianism questionnaire are presented. The MK-15 questionnaire has better psychometric properties than its original version, the MK-20, and satisfies the validity and reliability criteria for questionnaires.

Author Biographies

Viktor P. Sheinov, National Institute for Higher Education, 15 Maskowskaja Street, Minsk 220007, Belarus

doctor of science (sociology), full professor; professor at the department of psychology and pedagogical excellence, faculty of advanced training and retraining

Anton S. Dziavitsyn, Belarusian State University, 4 Niezaliežnasci Avenue, Minsk 220030, Belarus

senior lecturer at the department of web technologies and computer simulation, faculty of mechanics and mathematics

References

  1. Filippou OY. A bibliometric analysis of the Machiavellianism in domestic and foreign psychology. Journal of Modern Foreign Psychology. 2020;9(4):120–128. Russian. DOI: 10.17759/jmfp.2020090411.
  2. Sheinov VP. Short version of the questionnaire «Scale of dependence on the smartphone». Institut psikhologii Rossiiskoi akademii nauk. Organizatsionnaya psikhologiya i psikhologiya truda. 2021;6(1):97–115. Russian. DOI: 10.38098/ipran.opwp.2021.18.1.005.
  3. Sheynov VP, Devitsyn AS. A short version of the questionnaire of insecurity from manipulation. Sistemnaya psikhologiya i sotsiologiya. 2022;1:70–80. Russian.
  4. Sheinov VP, Dziavitsyn AS. Abridged assertiveness questionnaire. Gertsenovskie chteniya: psikhologicheskie issledovaniya v obrazovanii. 2021;4:557–565. Russian. DOI: 10.33910/herzenpsyconf-2021-4-70.
  5. Barrios-Fernandez S, Gozalo M, Amado-Fuentes M, Jorge C-V, Andres G-G. A short version of the EFECO online questionnaire for the assessment of executive functions in school-age children. Children. 2021;8(9):799. DOI: 10.3390/children8090799.
  6. Bieleke M, Gogol K, Goetz T, Daniels L, Pekrun R. The AEQ-S: a short version of the achievement emotions questionnaire. Contemporary Educational Psychology. 2021;65:101940. DOI: 10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101940.
  7. Cabral AC, Castel-Branco M, Caramona M, Fernandez-Llimos F, Figueiredo IV. Developing an adherence in hypertension questionnaire short version: MUAH-16. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension. 2018;20(1):118−124. DOI: 10.1111/jch.13137.
  8. Cliffe T, Beinart H, Cooper M. Development and validation of a short version of the Supervisory Relationship Questionnaire. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2016;23(1):77−86. DOI: 10.1002/cpp.1935.
  9. Mirghafourvand M, Jafarabadi MA, Ghanbari-Homayi S. Adaptation of short version of questionnaire for assessing the childbirth experience (QACE) to the Iranian culture. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020;20:616. DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03317-9.
  10. Mohamad EMW, Kaundan MK, Hamzah MR, Azlan AA, Ayub SH, Sern TJ, et al. Establishing the HLS-M-Q18 short version of the European health literacy survey questionnaire for the Malaysian context. BMC Public Health. 2020;20:580. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08704-7.
  11. Jutten RJ, Peeters CFW, Leijdesdorf SMJ, Visser PJ, Maier AB, Terwee CB, et al. Detecting functional decline from normal aging to dementia: development and validation of a short version of the Amsterdam IADL Questionnaire. Alzheimer’s & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring. 2017;8(1):26−35. DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2017.03.002.
  12. Schrepp M, Thomaschewski J, Hinderks A. Design and evaluation of a short version of the user experience questionnaire (UEQ-S). International Journal of Interactive Multimedia and Artificial Intelligence. 2017;4(6):103−108. DOI: 10.9781/ijimai.2017.09.001.
  13. Herzog AR, Bachman JG. Effects of questionnaire length on response quality. The Public Opinion Quarterly. 1981;45(4):549–559.
  14. Galesic M, Bosnjak M. Effects of questionnaire length on participation and indicators of response quality in a web survey. Public Opinion Quarterly. 2009;73(2):349–360. DOI: 10.1093/poq/nfp031.
  15. Sheinov VP, Dziavitsyn AS. Factor structure of assertity questionnaire. Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology. 2021;4:110–118. Russian. DOI: 10.33581/2521-6821-2021-4-110-118.
  16. Sheinov VP, Devitsyn AS. Factor structure of the smartphone addiction model. Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Social and Economic Psychology. 2021;6(3):174−197. Russian. DOI: 10.38098/ipran.sep_2021_23_3_07.
  17. Sheinov VP, Devitsyn AS. A three-factor model of social media addiction. Russian Psychological Journal. 2021;18(3):145–158. Russian. DOI: 10.21702/rpj.2021.3.10.
  18. Hidalgo-Fuentes S. Uso problemático del smartphone: el papel de los Cinco Grandes, la Tríada Oscura y la impulsividad. Aloma: revista de psicologia, ciències de l'educació i de l’esport Blanquerna. 2021;39(1):17–26. DOI: 10.51698/aloma.2021.39.1.17–26.
  19. Mejía-Suazo CJ, Landa-Blanco M, Mejía-Suazo GA, Martínez-Martínez CA. Dark and Light triad: relationship between personality traits and addiction to mobile phones, video games and internet. PsyArXiv [Preprint]. 2021 [cited 2023 March 12]. DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/dp659.
  20. Hussain Z, Wegmann E, Griffiths MD. The association between problematic social networking site use, dark triad traits, and emotion dysregulation. BMC Psychology. 2021;9:160. DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00668-6.
  21. Kumpasoğlu GB, Eltan S, Merdan-Yıldız ED, Batıgün AD. Mediating role of life satisfaction and death anxiety in the relationship between dark triad and social media addiction. Personality and Individual Differences. 2021;172:110606. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110606.
  22. Znakov VV. [Machiavellianism: psychological property of personality and methods of its research]. Psikhologicheskii zhurnal. 2000;21(5):16–22. Russian.
  23. Sheinov VP, Devitsyn AS. [Development of a reliable and valid social media addiction questionnaire]. Systems Psychology and Sociology. 2021;2:41–55. Russian. DOI: 10.25688/2223-6872.2021.38.2.04.
  24. Karelin A. Bol’shaya entsiklopediya psikhologicheskikh testov [Big encyclopedia of psychological tests]. Moscow: EKSMO; 2009. 408 p. Russian.
  25. Sheinov VP. The questionnaire for the evaluation of nonprotectedness from manipulative influences. Voprosy psikhologii.2012;4:147–154. Russian. EDN: PXTCUP.
Published
2023-08-22
Keywords: Machiavellianism, questionnaire, short and full versions of questionnaire, reliability, validity, factorial structure of the questionnaire
How to Cite
Sheinov, V. P., & Dziavitsyn, A. S. (2023). Short version of the Machiavellianism questionnaire: reliability, validity, factor structura. Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology, 2, 91-101. Retrieved from https://journals.bsu.by/index.php/sociology/article/view/5625
Issue
No 2 (2023): Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology
Section
From the Working Table of a Sociologist

Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

The authors who are published in this journal agree to the following:

  1. The authors retain copyright on the work and provide the journal with the right of first publication of the work on condition of license Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial. 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0).
  2. The authors retain the right to enter into certain contractual agreements relating to the non-exclusive distribution of the published version of the work (e.g. post it on the institutional repository, publication in the book), with the reference to its original publication in this journal.
  3. The authors have the right to post their work on the Internet (e.g. on the institutional store or personal website) prior to and during the review process, conducted by the journal, as this may lead to a productive discussion and a large number of references to this work. (See The Effect of Open Access.)