Исследования на селище Ясковичи-1 в 2018 г.: к изучению памятников «предпражского» горизонта на Белорусском Полесье
Аннотация
Представлены результаты изучения селища у д. Ясковичи Солигорского района Минской области, расположенном на северной окраине Припятского Полесья. Оно было открыто в 2017 г. сотрудницей Института истории Национальной академии наук Беларуси А. Н. Белицкой. В 2018 г. раскопки на памятнике продолжила экспедиция исторического факультета Белорусского государственного университета, изучена площадь 364 м2. В 2017–2018 гг. на селище исследованы две жилые постройки срубной и столбовой конструкции, а также одна хозяйственная постройка и ряд других объектов. Рассматривается основной массив материалов, относящийся к римскому времени. Этот горизонт использования памятника можно синхронизировать с фазами B2/C1–C1a – C2–C3 римского периода центральноевропейской относительной хронологии (приблизительно со второй половины II или рубежа ІІ–ІІІ по начало или середину IV в.). Анализ керамического материала, наиболее распространенных орудий труда – глиняных пряслиц, а также украшений и деталей костюма стиля «варварских» выемчатых эмалей позволяет отнести памятник к киевскому культурному кругу. Находки из жилищ и открытые вокруг них материалы свидетельствуют о том, что жители селища специализировались в обработке цветных металлов, а также, вероятно, в производстве железа. Среди металлических изделий и эпизодически керамического комплекса отмечаются импорты из вельбарской культуры – свидетельства непосредственных контактов общины, использовавшей селище в Ясковичах, с инокультурным и иноэтничным населением – историческими готами, которые с конца ІІ в. проникают на земли в среднем течении Припяти. Селище Ясковичи-1, которое активно использовалось лишь в позднеримское время (III – середина IV в.), в перспективе может стать эталонным для центрального Полесья памятником киевского культурного круга. Даже предварительные результаты его изучения позволяют говорить о заполнении хронологической лакуны между полесскими памятниками постзарубинецкого периода (середина I – II в.) и наиболее ранними, фазы «0», памятниками пражской культуры, носители которой отождествляются с историческими славянами эпохи Великого переселения народов. На селище Ясковичи-1 получен новый аргумент в пользу теории об истоках культуры раннеисторических славян на землях Припятского Полесья.
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