Даследаванні на селішчы Яскавічы-1 у 2018 г.: да вывучэння помнікаў «перадпражскага» гарызонту на Беларускім Палессі

  • Вадзім Георгіевіч Белявец Беларускi дзяржаўны ўнiверсiтэт, пр. Незалежнасцi, 4, 220030, г. Мiнск, Беларусь
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2019-3-110-145

Анатацыя

Прадстаўлены вынікі вывучэння селішча каля в. Яскавічы Салігорскага раёна Мінскай вобласці, якое месціцца на паўночным ускрайку Прыпяцкага Палесся. Яно было адкрыта ў 2017 г. супрацоўніцай Інстытута гісторыі Нацыянальнай акадэміі навук Беларусі Г. М. Бяліцкай. У 2018 г. раскопкі на помніку былі працягнуты экспедыцыяй гістарычнага факультэта Беларускага дзяржаўнага ўніверсітэта, вывучана плошча 364 м2. У 2017–2018 гг. на селішчы даследаваны дзве жылыя пабудовы зрубнай і слупавой канструкцыі, адна гаспадарчая пабудова і шэраг іншых аб’ектаў. Разглядаецца асноўны масіў атрыманых матэрыялаў, які належыць да рымскага перыяду. Папярэдне гэты гарызонт выкарыстання помніка можна сінхранізаваць з фазамі B2/C1–C1a – C2–C3 цэнтральнаеўрапейскай адноснай храналогіі (прыкладна з другой паловы II або рубяжа ІІ–ІІІ па пачатак або сярэдзіну IV ст.). Аналіз керамічнага матэрыялу, найбольш распаўсюджаных прылад працы – гліняных праселак, а таксама ўпрыгожанняў і дэталей касцюма стылю «варварскіх» выемчатых эмалей дазваляе аднесці помнік да кіеўскага культурнага кола. Знаходкі з жылля і адкрытыя вакол яго матэрыялы сведчаць пра тое, што жыхары селішча спецыялізаваліся ў апрацоўцы каляровых металаў, а таксама, верагодна, у вытворчасці жалеза. Сярод металічных вырабаў і эпізадычна фрагментаў посуду адзначаюцца імпарты з вельбарскай культуры. Яны сведчаць пра сувязі абшчыны, якая выкарыстоўвала селішча ў Яскавічах, з іншакультурным і іншаэтнічным насельніцтвам – гістарычнымі готамі, якія з канца ІІ ст. пранікаюць на землі ў сярэднім цячэнні Прыпяці. Селішча Яскавічы-1, якое актыўна выкарыстоўвалася толькі ў познярымскі час (III – сярэдзіна IV ст.), у перспектыве можа стаць эталонным для цэнтральнага Палесся помнікам кіеўскага культурнага кола. Нават папярэднія вынікі яго вывучэння дазваляюць казаць пра запаўненне храналагічнай лакуны паміж палескімі помнікамі постзарубінецкага перыяду (сярэдзіна І – ІІ ст.) і найбольш раннімі, фазы «0», помнікамі пражскай культуры, носьбіты якой атаясамліваюцца са славянамі (лат. Sclaveni, Sclavi, Sclavini) эпохі Вялікага перасялення народаў. На селішчы Яскавічы-1 атрыманы новы аргумент на карысць тэорыі аб вытоках культуры раннегістарычных славян на землях Прыпяцкага Палесся.

Біяграфія аўтара

Вадзім Георгіевіч Белявец, Беларускi дзяржаўны ўнiверсiтэт, пр. Незалежнасцi, 4, 220030, г. Мiнск, Беларусь

кандыдат гістарычных навук; дацэнт кафедры археалогіі і спецыяльных гістарычных дысцыплін гістарычнага факультэта

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Апублікавана
2019-07-25
Ключавыя словы: рымскі перыяд, кіеўская культура, Прыпяцкае Палессе, фарміраванне пражскай культуры, этнагенез славян
Як цытаваць
Белявец В. Г. Даследаванні на селішчы Яскавічы-1 у 2018 г.: да вывучэння помнікаў «перадпражскага» гарызонту на Беларускім Палессі // Часопіс Беларускага дзяржаўнага ўніверсітэта. Гісторыя. 2019. 3. С. 110-145.
Выпуск
№ 3 (2019): Часопіс Беларускага дзяржаўнага ўніверсітэта. Гісторыя
Падзел
Археалогія

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