Pension insurance legislation in Russia before 1917: historical background and prospects

  • Angelina V. Lapayeva Derzhavin Tambov State University, 33 Internatsional’naya Street, Tambov 392036, Russia
  • Olga V. Moiseyeva Derzhavin Tambov State University, 33 Internatsional’naya Street, Tambov 392036, Russia

Abstract

The fundamentals of pension provision and insurance in pre-revolutionary Russia are analysed. The key stages of the development of Russian legistation in the field of pension insurance are established. It is suggested that the idea of social support for the elderly, the disabled and widows originated at the early stages of the development of human society and was enshrined in ancient legislative acts. By the 19th century, Russian legislation in the field of pension provision at the expence of emerital funds. The study concludes that by 1914, legislation on pension insurance in Russia was at a high level of development.

Author Biographies

Angelina V. Lapayeva, Derzhavin Tambov State University, 33 Internatsional’naya Street, Tambov 392036, Russia

PhD (law), docent; head of the department of theory and history of state and law, Institute of Law and National Security

Olga V. Moiseyeva, Derzhavin Tambov State University, 33 Internatsional’naya Street, Tambov 392036, Russia

PhD (law), docent; associate professor at the department of theory and history of state and law and assistant director for educational work, Institute of Law and National Security

References

  1. Vladimir Monomakh. Russkaya pravda. Ustav. Pouchenie [Russian truth. Charter. Instruction]. Likhachev DS, translator; Zhemerova A, editor. Moscow: Eksmo; 2014. 480 p. Russian.
  2. Gorskii AD, editor. Russkoe zakonodatel’stvo X–XX vv. Tom 2, Zakonodatel’stvo perioda obrazovaniya i ukrepleniya Russkogo tsentralizovannogo gosudarstva [Russian legislation in 10–20th centuries. Volume 2, Legislation of the period of formation and consolidation of the Russian centralised state]. Moscow: Yuridicheskaya literatura; 1985. 519 p. Russian.
  3. Novgorodtsev PI, Pokrovskii IA. O prave na sushchestvovanie: cotsial’no-filosofskie etyudy [On the right to existence: sociophilosophical studies]. Saint Petersburg: M. O. Vol’f; 1911. 48 p. Russian.
  4. Marks K, Engels F. Sochineniya. Tom 2 [Collected works. Volume 2]. Moscow: Gospolitizdat; 1955. 630 p. Russian.
  5. Lushnikova MV. [The right to social security: history, theory, legislation]. Vestnik trudovogo prava i prava sotsial’nogo obespecheniya. 2007;2:88–116. Russian.
  6. Novgorodtsev PI. Vvedenie v filosofiyu prava. Krizis sovremennogo pravosoznaniya [Introduction to the philosophy of law. Crisis of contemporary legal consciousness]. Saint Petersburg: Lan’; 2000. 347 p. Russian.
  7. Kistyakovskii BA. Sotsial’nye nauki i pravo: ocherki po metodologii sotsial’nykh nauk i obshchei teorii prava [Social sciences and law: essays on the methodology of social sciences and the general theory of law]. Moscow: M. i S. Sabashnikovy; 1916. 704 p. Russian.
  8. Gessen V, Myakotin V, Vodovozov V, Chernyshev I. Pravovoe gosudarstvo i narodnoe golosovanie [The rule of law and popular vote]. Saint Petersburg: N. Glagolev; 1906. p. 9–62. Russian.
  9. Kovalevskii MM. Uchenie o lichnykh pravakh [The doctrine of personal rights]. Moscow: Izdatel’stvo V. M. Sablina; 1905. 42 p. Russian.
  10. Kotlyarevskii SA. Konstitutsionnoe gosudarstvo. Yuridicheskie prepodsylki russkikh osnovnykh zakonov [Constitutional state. Legal preconditions of the russian basic laws]. Moscow: Zertsalo-M; 2014. 340 p. Russian.
  11. Shershenevich GF. Obshchaya teoriya prava [General theory of law]. Moscow: Izdanie Br. Bashmakovykh; 1911. 698 p. Russian.
  12. Maleshevskii BF. Teoriya i praktika pensionnykh kass. Tom 1 [Theory and practice of pension funds. Volume 1]. Saint Petersburg: Tipografiya Ministerstva putei soobshcheniya; 1890. 526 p. Russian.
  13. Yarotskii VG. Strakhovanie rabochikh v svyazi s otvetstvennost’yu predprinimatelei. Tom 1 [Insurance of workers in connection with entrepreneurial liability. Volume 1]. Saint Petersburg: Tipografiya A. Benke; 1895. 496 p. Russian.
  14. Vegner AYu. Pensii prestarelym ili strakhovanie na sluchai starosti? [Pensions for the elderly or insurance for old age?]. Kharkiv: Tipografiya B. Bengis; 1907. 76 p. Russian.
  15. Vigdorchik NA. Sotsial’noe strakhovanie. Sistematicheskoe izlozhenie istorii, organizatsii i praktiki vsekh form sotsial’nogo strakhovaniya [Social insurance. Systematic presentation of the history, organisation, and practice of all forms of social insurance]. Saint Petersburg: Prakticheskaya meditsina; 1912. 295 p. Russian.
  16. Litvinov-Falinskii VP. Novye zakony o strakhovanii rabochikh. Tekst zakonov s motivami i podrobnymi raz’yasneniyami [New laws on workers’ insurance. Texts of laws with motivations and detailed explanations]. Saint Petersburg: Tipografiya A. S. Suvorina; 1912. 364 p. Russian.
  17. Putilo NV. Sotsial’nye prava grazhdan: istoriya i sovremennost’ [Social rights of citizens: history and contemporary issues]. Moscow: Yurisprudentsiya; 2007. 320 p. Russian.
  18. Khabrieva TYa. Main vectors and problems of development of social legislation. Journal of Russian Law. 2014;8:5–15. Russian.
  19. Semionkina NG. [Factors of the development of Russian social law in the early 20th century]. Rossiiskoe gosudarstvovedenie. 2013;1:22–27. Russian.
  20. Myslivchenko AG. Social state: genesis, formation and perspectives. State and Law. 2019;3:105–116. Russian.
  21. Cherepanov VA. On the legal possibility of reducing the level of social protection of Russian citizens. State and Law. 2019;5:82–89. Russian.
  22. Tumanova AS, Kiselev RV. Prava cheloveka v pravovoi mysli i zakonotvorchestve Rossiiskoi imperii vtoroi poloviny XIX – nachala XX veka [Human rights in legal thought and lawmaking of the Russian Empire of the second half of the 19th – early 20th century]. Moscow: Higher School of Economics Publishing House; 2011. 279 p. Russian.
  23. Bunge NKh. Politseiskoe pravo. Tom 1, Vvedenie i gosudarstvennoe blagoustroistvo [Police law. Volume 1, Introduction and public improvement]. Kyiv: Universitetskaya tipografiya; 1873. 146 p. Russian.
  24. Pishchulina AR. [Preconditions for the expansion of political rights and freedoms of subjects of the Russian Empire and their reflection in acts of constitutional significance in 1905–1906]. Gosudarstvo i pravo v XXI veke. 2015;2:34–39. Russian.
  25. Moiseyeva OV. Moral foundations of law: correlation of Boris Nikolaevich Chicherin’s views with modern legal trends. Rossiiskaya yustitsiya. 2023;10:46–50. Russian. DOI: 10.52433/01316761_2023_10_45.
  26. Vigdorchik NA. Sotsial’noe strakhovanie v obshchedostupnom izlozhenii [Social insurance in a generally accessible presentation]. Moscow: Voprosy truda; 1927. 190 p. Russian.
  27. Lapayeva AV. [Stolypin’s programme of social transformation: the labour question]. In: Stromov VYu, editor. Tambovskie pravovye chteniya imeni F. N. Plevako. Materialy V Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii; 28–29 maya 2021 g.; Tambov, Rossiya. Tom 1 [Tambov legal readings named after F. N. Plevako. Proceedings of the 5th International scientific and practical conference; 2021 May 28–29; Tambov, Russia. Volume 1]. Tambov: Derzhavinskii; 2021. p. 38–40. Russian.
  28. Levshuk MV. Formation of the legal basis of pre-revolutionary state pension provision. Belgorod State University Scientific Bulletin. Philosophy. Sociology. Law. 2011;14:125–138. Russian.
Published
2024-05-15
Keywords: charity, state welfare, pension provision, social insurance, public mutual aid, pension, old age, retirement age, incapacity for work
How to Cite
Lapayeva A. V., Moiseyeva O. V. Pension insurance legislation in Russia before 1917: historical background and prospects // Journal of the Belarusian State University. History. 2024. 2. PP. 41-48.