Slavic activists in the Reformation in Eastern and Central Europe and the Slavic printing house in Bad Urach

  • Olga B. Keller Belarusian State University, 4 Niezaliežnasci Avenue, Minsk 220030, Belarus; Eberhard and Karls University of Tübingen, 36 Wilhelmstrasse, Tübingen 72074, Germany

Abstract

In the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern Times, the Reformation and the book printing began playing an important role in Europe. This article attempts to make connections between various Reformation activists in Central and Eastern Europe who were dealing with the both abovementioned processes: Jerome of Prague, Abraomas Kulvietis, Francis Skarina of Polotsk, an Eastern-Slavic book printer who published his first book 500 years ago in Prague, Primus Truber, a famous Slovenian Reformation activist who used Skarina’s fonts from the Prague printing house few decades later, and others. The article also considers the activities of the unique Slavic printing house in Bad Urakh where a great number of Protestant editions were printed under the aegis of Baron Hans von Ungnad from 1559 to 1565. Within the period of six year the Germany-located Slavic printing house produced 31 thousand copies. Among with German and Polish princes, Nikolay the Black Radziwill, who was the Chancellor of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Ilyinichi, lords of the castle of Mir, and other Lithuanian nobles patronized printing Protestant publications in Urach.

Author Biography

Olga B. Keller, Belarusian State University, 4 Niezaliežnasci Avenue, Minsk 220030, Belarus; Eberhard and Karls University of Tübingen, 36 Wilhelmstrasse, Tübingen 72074, Germany

doctor of science (history); associate professor at the department of Modern and Contemporary times, faculty of history, Belarusian State University; associate professor at the department of Medieval history, faculty of philosophy, Eberhard and Karls University of Tübingen

References

  1. Welker M., Beintker M., de Lange A. (Hrsg.). Europa reformata. Reformationsstädte Europas und ihre Reformatoren. Leipzig : Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, 2016 (in Ger.).
  2. Khoteev A. [The Conception of the Golde Age and the Reformation in Belarus]. In: Sektovedenie [Sectology] : almanah : in 4 vols. Minsk, 2011. Vol. 1. P. 51–63 (in Russ.).
  3. Schwilk H. Luther: der Zorn Gottes. Biographie. München : Blessing, 2017 (in Ger.).
  4. Lavretskiy N. G. [What a Protestant Temple Should Be]. Aktual’nye problemy arkhitektury [Actual issues of the architecture] : collect. of articles Int. sci. conf. Minsk, 2012. P. 25–25 (in Russ.).
  5. Tazbir J. Państwo bez stosów: szkice z dziejów tolerancji w Polsce XVI–XVII w. Warszawa : PIW, 1967 (in Pol.).
  6. Kempa T. Die Reformation im Großherzogtum Litauen und die Beziehungen zur orthodoxen Kirche. In: Die Reformation in Mitteleuropa. Beiträge anlässlich des 500. Geburtstages von Primus Truber. Wien-Ljubljana, 2008. S. 231–245 (in Slovenian).
  7. Kempa T. Mikalaj Kryshtaf Radzivil Sirotka (1549–1616) vilenski vajavoda [Mikolay Krzysztof «the Orphan» Radziwill (1549–1616), Voevoda of Wilno]. Mir : Muzei «Zamkavy kompleks “Mir”», 2016 (in Belarus.).
  8. Vashchanka A. P. Rjefarmacyja jak sproba stvarjennja nacyjanal’naj carkvy na Belarusi [The Reformation as Attempt to Create the National Church in Belarus]. Simjaon Polacki: svetapogljad, gramadska-palitychnaja I litaraturnaja dzejnasc’ [Sime on of Polotsk: world-view, Public and Literary career] : mater. III Int. conf. (Polotsk, 19–20 Sept., 2009). Polotsk, 2009. P. 31–39 (in Belarus.).
  9. Kosman M. Reformacja i Kontrreformacja w Wielkim Księstwie Litewskim w świecie propagandy wyznaniowej. Wrocław : Zaklad Narodow in Ossolin’skieh, 1973 (in Pol.).
  10. Shapavalov M. F. Skaryna, jago dni dy druk na Belarusi. Da 400-lec’cja druku na Belarusi [Skaryna, His Life and Book Printing in Belarus. On Occasion of the 400 th Anniversary of Book Printing in Belarus]. Minsk : Narkomobrazovanie BSSR, 1925 (in Belarus.).
  11. Susha A. Frantsisk Skorina – chelovek mira [Frantsysk Skoryna: The Man of the World]. Minsk : Belaruskaja jencyklapedyja imja Petrusja Browki, 2016 (in Russ.).
  12. Padokshyn S. Filasofskaja dumka jepohi Adradzhjennja w Belarusi: ad Francyska Skaryny da Simjaona Polackaga [The Renaissance Philosophy in Belarus: Francysk Skaryna – Simeon of Polotsk]. Minsk : Nauka i tekhnika, 1990 (in Belarus.).
  13. Padokshyn S., Mialeshka V. [Education in Belarus in the 16 th and Mid 17 th Century]. In: Narysy gistoryi narodnaj asvety i pedagagichnaj dumki w Belarusi [Essays on the History of Public Education and Pedagogy in Belarus]. Minsk, 1968. P. 15–36 (in Belarus.).
  14. Poretskiy Y. I. [Skorina and Luther: Comparative Study of the Translation of the Bible]. In: Knizhnaja kul’tura Belarusi. Da 500-goddzja z dnja naradzhjennja F. Skaryny [Book Culture in Belarus. On Occasion of the 500 th Anniversary of Francysk Skaryna’s Birth]. Minsk : Acad. of Sci. of Belarus, 1991. P. 26–39 (in Belarus.).
  15. Skepian N. [The Calvinist Gymnasium in Slutsk in the 17 th Century]. Belaruski gistarychny chasopis [The Belarus. Historical J.]. 2012. No. 2. P. 25–33 (in Belarus.).
  16. Lorenz S., Schindling A., Setzler W. (Hrsg.). Primus Truber 1508–1586. Der slowenische Reformator und Württemberg. Stuttgart : W. Kohlhammer Verlag, 2011 (in Ger.).
  17. Kluge R.-D. (Hrsg.). Ein Leben zwischen Laibach und Tübingen. Primus Truber und seine Zeit. Intentionen, Verlauf und Folgen der Reformation in Württemberg und Innerösterreich. München : Otto Sanger, 1995 (in Ger.).
  18. Jerše S. (Hrsg.) Vera in Hotenja. Ljubljana, 2009 (in Ger.).
  19. Kluge R.-D. Primus Truber: Leben, Werk und Wirkung. Ein Überblick. In: Primus Truber 1508–1586. Der slowenische Reformator und Württemberg. Stuttgart, 2011. S. 69–77 (in Ger.).
  20. Schindling A. Primus Truber (1507/1509−1586). In: Das Reformatorenlexikon. Darmstadt, 2014. S. 247–252 (in Ger.).
  21. Ahačič K. Neue Entdeckungen und Erkenntnisse zum slowenischen Protestantismus. Zeitschrift für Slawistik. 2014. No. 59 (3). S. 385–398 (in Ger.).
  22. Raecke J. Primus Truber als Autor und Übersetzer. Betrachtungen zum Thema literarische Originalität. In: Primus Truber 1508–1586. Der slowenische Reformator und Württemberg. Stuttgart, 2011. S. 119–144 (in Ger.).
  23. Golec L. Ž. Die slowenische Kirchenordnung von 1564 zwischen Wunsch und Wirklichkeit. In: Primus Truber 1508–1586. Der slowenische Reformator und Württemberg. Stuttgart, 2011. S. 103–115 (in Ger.).
  24. Salvadori S. Pietro Paolo Vergerio der Jüngere (1498−1565). In: Das Reformatorenlexikon. Darmstadt, 2014. S. 263–267 (in Ger.).
  25. Brendle F., Riethe P. Die Leichenpredigt Jakob Andreaes für Primus Truber. In: Primus Truber 1508–1586. Der slowenische Reformator und Württemberg. Stuttgart, 2011. S. 23–66 (in Ger.).
  26. Kostrenčic I. Urkundliche Beiträge zur Geschichte der protestantischen Literatur der Südslaven in den Jahren 1559–1565. Wien, 1874 (in Ger.).
  27. Nemiroskiy E. Slavyanskie izdaniya kirillovskogo (tserkovnoslavyanskogo) shrifta [Cyrillic (Church-Slavonic) Type Based Editions, 1421–2000] : in 2 vols. Moscow : Publ. house «Znak», 2009. Vol. 1 : 1491–1550 (in Russ.).
  28. Dobrowsky. J. Litterarische Nachrichten von einer auf Veranlassung der böhm. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften im Jahre 1792 unternommenen Reise nach Schweden und Rußland: Nebst einer Vergleichung der Russischen und Böhmischen Sprache nach dem Petersburger Vergleichungs-Wörterbuche aller Sprachen. Prag : Calve, 1796 (in Slovenian).
Published
2018-04-27
Keywords: European Reformation, the origins of the Reformation, Hussites, Hieronymus of Prague, Francis Skarina, Abraham Kulva, Nikolay the Black Radziwill, Nikolay the Orphan Radziwill, Primus Truber, Baron Hans von Ungnad’s Slavic printing house
How to Cite
Keller O. B. Slavic activists in the Reformation in Eastern and Central Europe and the Slavic printing house in Bad Urach // Journal of the Belarusian State University. History. 2018. 2. PP. 94-104.
Issue
No 2 (2018): Journal of the Belarusian State University. History
Section
World History

Copyright (c) 2018 Journal of the Belarusian State University. History

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

The authors who are published in this journal agree to the following:

  1. The authors retain copyright on the work and provide the journal with the right of first publication of the work on condition of license Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial. 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0).
  2. The authors retain the right to enter into certain contractual agreements relating to the non-exclusive distribution of the published version of the work (e.g. post it on the institutional repository, publication in the book), with the reference to its original publication in this journal.
  3. The authors have the right to post their work on the Internet (e.g. on the institutional store or personal website) prior to and during the review process, conducted by the journal, as this may lead to a productive discussion and a large number of references to this work. (See The Effect of Open Access.)