Phenomenon of mask as medium in world cultural history
Abstract
The object of research is the phenomenon of the mask as a unique phenomenon of culture. The subject of analysis is the symbolism of the mask as a medium and a mythological code in different historical eras determined by certain socio-cultural trends. Having originated in primitive society, the mask has been developing throughout the history of human civilisation. In the study it was proved that one of the main social functions of the mask, which has arisen historically, is to be a medium, that is, an intermediary between man and society, the real and mythological worlds. Taking the genesis and evolution of the mask as a basis for the study, analysis of the interaction of the mask and myth-making in the history of ritual and theatrical culture, the authors proceed from the relevance of this problem in the context of the new social and cultural reality, including the pandemic, when the mask becomes a symbol of protection.
References
- Putilov BN. Fol’klor i narodnaya kul’tura [Folklore and folk culture]. Saint Petersburg: Peterburgskoe vostokovedenie; 2003. 458 p. Russian.
- Bakhtin MM. Tvorchestvo Fransua Rable i narodnaya kultura Srednevekov’ya i Renessansa [The work of Francois Rabelais and the folk culture of the Middle Ages and Renaissance]. Moscow: Eksmo; 2015. 640 p. Russian.
- Lévi-Strauss C. La voie des masques. Paris: Plon; 1979. 256 p. Russian edition: Lévi-Strauss C. Put’ masok. Ostrovskii AB, translator. Moscow: Respublika; 2000. 398 p. (Mysliteli 20th veka).
- Avdeev AD. Proiskhozhdenie teatra. Elementy teatra v pervobytnoi sisteme [The origin of the theatre. Elements of the theater in the primitive system]. Moscow: Iskusstvo; 1959. 266 p. Russian.
- Huizinga J. Homo ludens: a study of the play-element in culture. Boston: Beacon Press; 1971. 232 p. Russian edition: Huizinga J. Chelovek igrayushchii = Homo ludens. Stat’i po istorii kul’tury. 2nd edition. Sil’vestrov DV, translator. Moscow: Airis Press; 2003. 486 p.
- Pavis P. Dictionnaire du théâtre. Paris: Messidor; 1987. 477 p. Russian edition: Pavis P. Tetral’nyi slovar’. Bazhenova L, Vakhta I, Vasil’eva O, Goryachev A, Ivanov S, Razlogova E, et al., translators; Belyaeva G, Gubskii E, Gushchina E, Korableva G, Medvedeva N, editors. Moscow: Progress; 1991. 504 p.
- Tolshin AV. Maska, ya tebya znayu [Maska, I know you]. Saint Petersburg: Petropolis; 2015. 288 p. Russian.
- Tlepov ZA, Malikova AM, Tursynbayeva AO, Makulbekov AT, Dugalich NM. Performance of Medieval religious mystery play as theatrical art genre and precursor of ‘political theatre’. European Journal of Science and Theology. 2021;17(4):109–117.
- Boyadzhiev GN. Ot Sofokla do Brekhta za sorok teatral’nykh vecherov [From Sophocles to Brecht in forty theatrical evenings]. Moscow: Education; 1969. 352 p. Russian.
- Mokulsky SS. O teatre [About the theatre]. Moscow: Iskusstvo; 1963. 544 p. Russian.
- Molodtsova MM. Komediya dell’arte [Commedia dell’arte]. Leningrad: LGITMIK; 1990. 218 p. Russian.
- Tihomirova EG. Mask as a cultural form. Science. Arts. Culture. 2017;2:28-35. Russian.
- Fyson N. Great treasures of the world. London: AA Publishing; 1995. 159 p. Russian edition: Fyson N. Velikie sokrovishcha mira. Gurvitz M, translator. Moscow: Bertelsmann media; 1996. 160 p.
- Eremeev AF. Granitsy iskusstva [The boundaries of art]. Moscow: Iskusstvo; 1984. 320 p. Russian.
- Shulepova EA. Istoricheskaya kul’turologiya [Historical cultural studies]. Moscow: Akademicheskii proekt; 2015. 796 p. Russian.
- Morgan LH. Ancient society. Researches in the lines of human progress from savagery throught barbarism to civilization. New York: Henry Holt and Company; 1907. 506 p. Russian edition: Morgan LH. Drevnee obshchestvo. Issledovanie linii chelovecheskogo progressa ot dikosti cherez varvarstvo k tsivilizatsii. Kosven OM, translator. Moscow: Lenand; 2021. 360 p.
- Tylor EB. Primitive culture. London: J. Myrray; 1871. 2 volumes. Russian edition: Tylor EB. Pervobytnaya kul’tura. Koropchevskii DA, translator. Moscow: Izdatel’stvo politicheskoi literatury; 1989. 573 p.
- Leroi-Gourhan A. The art of prehistoric man in Western Europe. London: Thames and Hudson; 1968. 543 p.
- Kirillova NB. Cultural mask codes: historical context. Izvestia. Ural Federal University Journal. Series 1. Issues in Education, Science and Culture. 2018;24(4):158–169. Russian.
- Morov AG. Tri veka russkoi stseny. Kniga 1. Ot istokov do velikogo Oktyabrya [Three centuries of the Russian stage. Book 1. From the origins to the great October]. Moscow: Education; 1978. 320 p. Russian.
- Frazer J. The golden bough. Research of comparative religious studies. London: Macmillan; 1920. 515 p. Russian edition: Frazer J. Zolotaya vetv’. Issledovanie sravnitel’nogo religiovedeniya. Ryklin MK, translator. Moscow: Akademicheskii proekt; 2017. 799 p.
- Lévy-Bruhl L. Primitives and the supernatural. New York: Haskell House Publishers; 1973. 405 p. Russian edition: Lévy-Bruhl L. Sverkh’estestvennoe v pervobytnom myshlenii. Moscow: Akademicheskii proekt; 2020. 428 p.
- Vico G. Principj d’una scienza nuova: d’intorno alla comune natura delle nazioni. Napoli: Morano; 1991. 480 p. Russian edition: Vico G. Osnovaniya novoy nauki ob obshchey prirode natsii. Guber AA, translator. Moscow: RIPOL classic; 2018. 704 p.
- Jung CG. Analiticheskaya psikhologiya: proshloe i nastoyashchee [Analytical psychology: past and present]. Moscow: Martis; 1995. 86 p. Russian.
- Campbell J. The hero with a thousand faces. Princeton: Princeton University Press; 2004. 403 p. Russian edition: Campbell J. Tysyachelikii geroi. Chekchurina OYu, translator; Rimitsan N, editor. Saint Petersburg: Piter; 2018. 352 p.
- Cassirer E. Izbrannoe: opyt o cheloveke [Selected: experience about a person]. Vimer B, translator. Moscow: Gardarika; 1998. 780 p. Russian.
Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of the Belarusian State University. History
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The authors who are published in this journal agree to the following:
- The authors retain copyright on the work and provide the journal with the right of first publication of the work on condition of license Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial. 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0).
- The authors retain the right to enter into certain contractual agreements relating to the non-exclusive distribution of the published version of the work (e.g. post it on the institutional repository, publication in the book), with the reference to its original publication in this journal.
- The authors have the right to post their work on the Internet (e.g. on the institutional store or personal website) prior to and during the review process, conducted by the journal, as this may lead to a productive discussion and a large number of references to this work. (See The Effect of Open Access.)