The social structure of polis states of European Antiquity in the concepts of Soviet and post-Soviet antiquity studies (late XX – early XXI centuries)
Abstract
The article deals with the problems of formation of the primary states of Greco-Roman classical Antiquity, the peculiarities of political and social organization of polis and civitas, the manifestation of communal traditions in the private and public life of a polis state, the ways of integrating Greeks and Romans into private collegium and unions, the essence of interpersonal relationships of patronage, clientela and hospitality, religious and legal formalization of these private institutions. The author assesses the historical significance of the polis state, which preserved and developed the communal principles of self-organization and self-government. Ancient political and legal concepts «democracy» and «republic» expressed the idea of the rule of the people as the fundamental principle of the vital activity of the Greek classical polis and the Roman republican civitas.
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